{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T17:44:57Z","timestamp":1776275097454,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,1]],"date-time":"2021-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609459200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"the European Regional Development Fund within the Activity 1.1.1.2 Postdoctoral Research Aid","award":["No.1.1.1.2\/VIAA\/3\/19\/501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.1.1.1.2\/VIAA\/3\/19\/501"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003510","name":"Estonian Ministry of Education and Research","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Grant PSG-137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant PSG-137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003510","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2021.3062618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T20:48:46Z","timestamp":1614372526000},"page":"36368-36381","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Opportunities and Challenges of Utilizing Additive Manufacturing Approaches in Thermal Management of Electrical Machines"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6917-5883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Payam Shams","family":"Ghahfarokhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7162-7607","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrejs","family":"Podgornovs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ants","family":"Kallaste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8737-6999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio J. Marques","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2154-8692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anouar","family":"Belahcen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Toomas","family":"Vaimann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Tiismus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bilal","family":"Asad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref73","first-page":"48","author":"chinthavali","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Workshop Wide Bandgap Power Devices Appl"},{"key":"ref72","author":"conrad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc 16th Eur Conf Power Electron Appl"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-epa.2015.0506"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24295\/CPSSTPEA.2017.00019"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECCE.2018.8557559"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECCE.2019.8912308"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Systems and methods for direct winding cooling of electric machines","author":"mayor","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2014.2303779"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icheatmasstransfer.2016.03.012"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2008.06.002"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECCE.2018.8557845"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECCE.2019.8913234"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2020.2997902"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2009.2030211"},{"key":"ref60","year":"2020","journal-title":"Additive Manufacturing for Sports Articles |EOS GmbH"},{"key":"ref62","year":"2020","journal-title":"PhD Student Wins Additive World Design Challenge Award—Campus News"},{"key":"ref61","year":"2020","journal-title":"3D Printed Metal Cooling Jacket Boost the Formula Electric Student Team—SHINING 3D"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2019.2908801"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/6144.926377"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2017.2681975"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"749","article-title":"Advanced heat sinks enabled by three-dimensional printing","author":"lyons","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc 20th Annu Int Solid Freeform Fabr Symp (SFF)"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RAMS.2013.6517682"},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"678","article-title":"U.K.s first direct-water-cooled pumped-storage generator-motor.","volume":"28","author":"ridley","year":"1982","journal-title":"IEE Rev"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/THERMINIC.2018.8593305"},{"key":"ref67","first-page":"3","article-title":"Designing the cooling systems for the world’s most powerful turbogenerator–Olkiluoto unit 3","author":"gray","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc IEEE Power Eng Soc Gen Meeting"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00202-018-0704-x"},{"key":"ref69","article-title":"Opportunities and challenges of ALM in electrical machines","author":"lambourne","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Advance Propulsion Centre UK Seminar"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2020.2964942"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtphys.2020.100255"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4964856"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scriptamat.2017.08.042"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11666-007-9145-1"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCPMT.2011.2175448"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EPE.2016.7521725"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2018.2835397"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-epa.2019.1020"},{"key":"ref50","year":"2021","journal-title":"Standard Heat Pipe |Novark"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JMEMS.2011.2107885"},{"key":"ref59","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Powder Metallurgy Association (EPMA)-Home"},{"key":"ref58","year":"2020","journal-title":"Additive Manufacturing is Moving Formula Student Team TUfast"},{"key":"ref57","article-title":"Thermal and hydraulic design of water-based cooling systems for electrical machines","author":"satr\u00fastegui de legarra","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2012.12.011"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2016.09.123"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addma.2015.09.003"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2014.10.051"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2017.07.147"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10035-016-0626-0"},{"key":"ref11","author":"scott","year":"2018","journal-title":"GE Aviation 3D Prints 30 000th Metal 3D Printed Fuel Nozzle at Auburn Alabama Plant |3DPrint com |The Voice of 3D Printing \/ Additive Manufacturing"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2019.2949258"},{"key":"ref12","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Method of fabricating electric machine laminations using additive manufacturing","author":"jassal","year":"2019"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app10186515"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2020.2975763"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICELMACH.2018.8506845"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2017.2711965"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3037190"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scriptamat.2016.12.035"},{"key":"ref4","year":"2019","journal-title":"2019 Additive Manufacturing Market Outlook and Summary of Opportunities"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WEMDCD.2019.8887765"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2019.2960250"},{"key":"ref5","year":"2019","journal-title":"additive manufacturing and 3D printing State of the industry"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"1","year":"2014","journal-title":"Fused Filament Fabrication"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IEMDC.2019.8785210"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ECCE.2019.8912763"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2016.05.035"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2020.114970"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2016.2518132"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en12193594"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00861960"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"145","author":"bradford","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Publication"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"961","article-title":"Opportunities and challenges of employing heat-pipes in thermal management of electrical machines","author":"wrobel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Electr Mach (ICEM)"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5098\/fhp.5.1"},{"key":"ref43","author":"reay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Heat Pipes Theory Design and Applications"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/6287639\/9312710\/09364970.pdf?arnumber=9364970","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T19:57:06Z","timestamp":1639771026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9364970\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021]]},"references-count":73,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2021.3062618","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}}}