{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T16:36:46Z","timestamp":1775579806852,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":248,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/legalcode"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)\/ Minist\u00e9rio da Ci\u00eancia, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (MECI) through national funds and when applicable co-funded European Union (EU) funds under","award":["UID\/50008:"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/50008:"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015494","name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015494","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"project EXIGENCE"},{"name":"EXIGENCE has received funding from the Smart Networks and Services Joint Undertaking (SNS JU) under the European Union\u2019s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme","award":["101139120"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101139120"]}]},{"name":"Alliance for the Energy Transition"},{"name":"Recovery and Resilience Plan (PRR) through the European Union"},{"name":"PRR Plano de Recupera\u00e7\u00e3o e Resili\u00eancia"},{"name":"NextGenerationEU funds at University of Aveiro, through the scope of the Agenda for Business Innovation \u201cNEXUS: Pacto de Inova\u00e7\u00e3o Transi\u00e7\u00e3o Verde e Digital para Transportes, Log\u00edstica e Mobilidade\u201d"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE Access"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/access.2025.3586800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,7]],"date-time":"2025-07-07T13:51:03Z","timestamp":1751896263000},"page":"119457-119499","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A Review of the Current Usage of AI\/ML for Radio Access Network (RAN)"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6435-5001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaa","family":"Alzailaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica&#x00E7;&#x00F5;es, Department of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics (DETI), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7898-7883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julio","family":"Camejo Corona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica&#x00E7;&#x00F5;es, Department of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics (DETI), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica&#x00E7;&#x00F5;es, Department of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics (DETI), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5763-9935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Ran Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica&#x00E7;&#x00F5;es, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6504-9441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Antunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica&#x00E7;&#x00F5;es, Department of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics (DETI), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1935-6077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayman","family":"Radwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica&#x00E7;&#x00F5;es, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering (DEEC), Instituto Superior T&#x00E9;cnico, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rui L.","family":"Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Telecomunica&#x00E7;&#x00F5;es, Department of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Informatics (DETI), Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3063686"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icte.2022.06.006"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"1","volume-title":"AI and M\u2014Enablers for Beyond 5G Networks","author":"Kaloxylos","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3010896"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JETCAS.2020.2999944"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in 3GPP 5G-advanced: A survey","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Soc., ComSoc Technol. News (CTN)"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"An overview of ai in 3GPP\u2019s ran release 18: Enhancing next-generation connectivity?","volume":"2024","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Global Commun."},{"key":"ref8","volume-title":"AI Value RAN","year":"2024"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.1900287"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"1","article-title":"EdgeAI: A vision for distributed, edgenative artificial intelligence in future 6G networks","volume-title":"Proc. 1st 6G Wireless Summit","author":"Lov\u00e9n"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJVT.2020.2980003"},{"key":"ref12","article-title":"A survey of intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs): Towards 6G wireless communication networks","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"arXiv:1907.04789"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2019.2904897"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mwc.004.2200079"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3205341"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/6GSUMMIT49458.2020.9083770"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-19-0019-8_16"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11036-019-01397-2"},{"key":"ref19","volume-title":"The Four Main Domains of Ericsson Intelligent Ran Automation Solutions","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BMSB55706.2022.9828681"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s21196588"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2011.110214"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2819688"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37417\/rivitsproc\/683"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3176348"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2942390"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-020-01178-4"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3051557"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ISRITI51436.2020.9315331"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/RFM50841.2020.9344788"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46387\/bjesr.893643"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2018.02.067"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref33","first-page":"2007","article-title":"The best of the machine learning algorithms used in artificial intelligence","volume":"6","author":"Poola","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Adv. Res. Comput. Commun. Eng."},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dibe.2021.100045"},{"key":"ref35","volume-title":"The Master Algorithm: How the Quest for the Ultimate Learning Machine Will Remake Our World","author":"Domingos","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-24211-8"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-1394-2_58"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3234150"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2019.01.011"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bfgp\/ely030"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40537-019-0192-5"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"64","article-title":"Recurrent neural networks","volume":"5","author":"Medsker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Des. Appl."},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco_a_01199"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWSCAS.2017.8053243"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/jaiscr-2019-0006"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICEngTechnol.2017.8308186"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2017.2765202"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11704-018-8052-6"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2017.2743240"},{"key":"ref50","volume-title":"Introduction to Optimization Methods","author":"Adby","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMCC.2010.2054080"},{"key":"ref52","volume-title":"Optimization for Machine Learning","author":"Brownlee","year":"2021"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2975004"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3067503"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.108820","article-title":"A survey: Distributed machine learning for 5G and beyond","volume":"207","author":"Nassef","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2021.3130901"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2022.3149714"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2023.110044"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2024.110459"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3412758"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2024.110506"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3410295"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SNPD61259.2024.10673938"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3390613"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2024.3352910"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3690639"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2021.3058353"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3069210"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2023.3343069"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2024.110697"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.1900292"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/JCC.2020.03.006"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2024.3384500"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g7647"},{"key":"ref75","volume-title":"International Core Conference Rankings: Icore","year":"2025"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11227-020-03364-1"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2016.2593486"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11060839"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jsan13010010"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2022.04.001"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3142079"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPDS.2020.2968427"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3177425"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2922668"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11042-023-16008-2"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2024.3424202"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2021.107682"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2019.100070"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/9780429142741-50"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-022-03609-z"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3357122"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCSpring.2018.8417606"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.2019.1800034"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3232073"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/fi14020030"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2991773"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2919736"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3371993"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13677-021-00256-4"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10115-021-01649-2"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2022.3173899"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3010271"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2948150"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3086910"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM46510.2021.9685837"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3149955"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2020.2980529"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3302528"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/su15065104"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jiot.2024.3391024"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2020.2964534"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14209\/jcis.2019.24"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3131720"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2022.3144532"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2021.11.011"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2019.1800230"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3113461"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2024.3422393"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2023.3307929"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3050841"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2020.2968730"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2021.3079117"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3011705"},{"key":"ref124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2021.3116251"},{"key":"ref125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2020.3028963"},{"key":"ref126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13042-021-01398-2"},{"key":"ref127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seta.2023.103020"},{"key":"ref128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAIOT.2015.7111524"},{"key":"ref129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2895201"},{"key":"ref130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3143793"},{"key":"ref131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9781\/ijimai.2020.12.004"},{"key":"ref132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOBECOM46510.2021.9685568"},{"key":"ref133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2021.3059752"},{"key":"ref134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2021.3115098"},{"key":"ref135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2996213"},{"key":"ref136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2023.3317128"},{"key":"ref137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3146239"},{"key":"ref138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/JCC.2019.11.003"},{"key":"ref139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/ICN.2020.0020"},{"key":"ref140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TETC.2019.2902661"},{"key":"ref141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2913162"},{"key":"ref142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6174708"},{"key":"ref143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2024.101131"},{"key":"ref144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3311888"},{"key":"ref145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2024.3376377"},{"key":"ref146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2020.103785"},{"key":"ref147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-020-00924-3"},{"key":"ref148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.2983142"},{"key":"ref149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2019.2956472"},{"key":"ref150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12083-021-01280-6"},{"key":"ref151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2019.2959245"},{"key":"ref152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.1900286"},{"key":"ref153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.3005724"},{"key":"ref154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2021.3110788"},{"key":"ref155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2986050"},{"key":"ref156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2021.3056341"},{"key":"ref157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2023.01.002"},{"key":"ref158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-021-06206-0"},{"key":"ref159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2024.01.028"},{"key":"ref160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3422350"},{"key":"ref161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2968399"},{"key":"ref162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.3017281"},{"key":"ref163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GCWkshps52748.2021.9682131"},{"key":"ref164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/WiMob50308.2020.9253407"},{"key":"ref165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3091674"},{"key":"ref166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JLT.2021.3093760"},{"key":"ref167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3288698"},{"key":"ref168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3415656"},{"key":"ref169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2021.3133543"},{"key":"ref170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2020.3041345"},{"key":"ref171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2019.2959065"},{"key":"ref172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2964697"},{"key":"ref173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3393869"},{"key":"ref174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2011.111002"},{"key":"ref175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/HORA55278.2022.9799813"},{"key":"ref176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3416013.3426443"},{"key":"ref177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2019.2898114"},{"key":"ref178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3002936"},{"key":"ref179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2020.3015184"},{"key":"ref180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3128513"},{"key":"ref181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2022.108987"},{"key":"ref182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108493"},{"key":"ref183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3432287"},{"key":"ref184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2000484"},{"key":"ref185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2020.107649"},{"key":"ref186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.3001736"},{"key":"ref187","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2021.101534"},{"key":"ref188","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3090423"},{"key":"ref189","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3280982"},{"key":"ref190","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/JCC.2020.10.007"},{"key":"ref191","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adhoc.2021.102632"},{"key":"ref192","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2020.3008303"},{"key":"ref193","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3324399"},{"key":"ref194","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3068255"},{"key":"ref195","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2022.3231690"},{"key":"ref196","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3209823"},{"key":"ref197","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.001.2000243"},{"key":"ref198","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3011286"},{"key":"ref199","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/s20082361"},{"key":"ref200","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2912673"},{"key":"ref201","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2995633"},{"key":"ref202","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3103058"},{"key":"ref203","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-14435-6_7"},{"key":"ref204","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.001.1900351"},{"key":"ref205","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2023.3240592"},{"key":"ref206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/app12083923"},{"key":"ref207","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26599\/TST.2023.9010065"},{"key":"ref208","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2020.03.046"},{"key":"ref209","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.2983009"},{"key":"ref210","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2019.2909019"},{"key":"ref211","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9101660"},{"key":"ref212","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2019.2953061"},{"key":"ref213","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2897134"},{"key":"ref214","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3181595"},{"key":"ref215","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMLCN.2024.3455268"},{"key":"ref216","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2020.3015810"},{"key":"ref217","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3099535"},{"key":"ref218","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2023.07.012"},{"key":"ref219","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11277-019-06275-4"},{"key":"ref220","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2015.2504379"},{"key":"ref221","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-com.2019.0973"},{"key":"ref222","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JCN.2020.000012"},{"key":"ref223","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.3027027"},{"key":"ref224","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2023.155016"},{"key":"ref225","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23919\/JCC.fa.2022-0201.202305"},{"key":"ref226","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-022-03587-2"},{"key":"ref227","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2023.154971"},{"key":"ref228","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBC.2021.3122353"},{"key":"ref229","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.2000322"},{"key":"ref230","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2021.3049885"},{"key":"ref231","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2021.3115938"},{"key":"ref232","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/BlackSeaCom48709.2020.9234965"},{"key":"ref233","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2019.2916797"},{"key":"ref234","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2021.3068629"},{"key":"ref235","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3044097"},{"key":"ref236","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3475389"},{"key":"ref237","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2020.3014382"},{"key":"ref238","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2022.103483"},{"key":"ref239","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3167442"},{"key":"ref240","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3277561"},{"key":"ref241","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2020.2974457"},{"key":"ref242","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTSP.2021.3129350"},{"key":"ref243","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCCN.2021.3132609"},{"key":"ref244","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3191605"},{"key":"ref245","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3095198"},{"key":"ref246","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3395170"},{"key":"ref247","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3263756"},{"key":"ref248","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phycom.2021.101443"}],"container-title":["IEEE Access"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/6287639\/10820123\/11072343.pdf?arnumber=11072343","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,17]],"date-time":"2025-07-17T18:01:16Z","timestamp":1752775276000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/11072343\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":248,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/access.2025.3586800","relation":{},"ISSN":["2169-3536"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2169-3536","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}}}