{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,19]],"date-time":"2026-04-19T07:34:07Z","timestamp":1776584047197,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1727740800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Top. Ind. Electron."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jestie.2024.3434350","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,30]],"date-time":"2024-07-30T14:16:02Z","timestamp":1722348962000},"page":"1455-1469","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Cyber Vulnerabilities of Energy Systems"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8751-9750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis Pengfei","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2935-8546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuangqi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3306-767X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenghong","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic & Electrical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, U.K."}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8209-0385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiaohe","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources (North China Electric Power University), Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4981-895X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul Jen-Hwa","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"David Eccles School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0656-0562","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2744-3349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Da","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5936-6822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhidong","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8271-5023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinlei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5730-916X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenye","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Science and Engineering, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2015-2250","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tianyi","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1406-1237","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zikang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6868-0685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignacio","family":"Hernando-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ESTIA Institute of Technology, University of Bordeaux, Bidart, France"}]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2022.3164860"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/esi2.12068"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsg.2022.3210041"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PESGM48719.2022.9916907"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsg.2018.2813280"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3131779"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tmech.2022.3214314"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpwrs.2022.3169482"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/msp.2011.96"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00396338.2011.555586"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"An analysis of a cyberattack on a nuclear plant: The Stuxnet worm","volume":"116","author":"Edwards","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Infrastruct. Protection"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.net.2019.11.001"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IROS55552.2023.10341749"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpwrs.2016.2631891"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00396338.2022.2126193"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29202\/up\/7\/3"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22662\/ijemr.2019.3.2.013"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcip.2022.100521"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2022.108892"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2022.3207517"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2021.3066398"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2021.3062700"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2019.2942333"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2017.2686394"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2022.3216948"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.segan.2023.101009"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcip.2022.100582"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2021.126639"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2021.3097760"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2021.3086681"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsg.2020.3028123"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tii.2021.3065080"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsg.2021.3091535"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/access.2020.3016826"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en12153002"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42524-021-0163-3"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/iSPEC48194.2019.8975131"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsg.2021.3054763"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2022.3155443"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2016.2542824"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2957289"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2017.2693345"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2020.3005179"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2938444"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSTE.2023.3330857"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2022.07.003"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2022.102681"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2022.102836"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2021.3102329"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2016.2614396"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2022.103010"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2020.3043757"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2015.2470218"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2019.2910396"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcsii.2022.3181827"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSII.2021.3073724"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfranklin.2019.02.011"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9770\/IRD.2020.2.4(6)"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2020.3038065"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2011.2123925"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpwrs.2021.3135357"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsg.2016.2569589"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsg.2020.3003340"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpds.2012.58"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2022.120636"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2019.2905253"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conengprac.2020.104678"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tcyb.2020.3005283"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2017.2670144"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2023.3241179"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/EEEIC\/ICPSEurope54979.2022.9854745"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MECON53876.2022.9752425"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/SST55530.2022.9954826"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40747-022-00760-3"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ODICON54453.2022.10010185"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcip.2022.100523"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2022.108975"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/3560905.3568179"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2021.107720"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/b978-0-323-91832-9.00015-4"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-021-03426-w"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2020.2998765"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2014.2298195"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2021.3065504"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tdc.2006.1668709"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsg.2020.3040361"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpwrs.2021.3081608"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2020.2964704"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2022.3176311"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/esi2.12034"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jestpe.2019.2936587"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tii.2021.3093836"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpel.2022.3175237"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsg.2020.3042897"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2022.3233735"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpwrs.2022.3155649"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsg.2021.3128752"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-13057-2_4"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/JETCAS.2022.3142055"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRD.2020.3017433"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.107844"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2022.3181353"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2022.3231424"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GEC55014.2022.9986990"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsg.2020.3010230"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2022.3168078"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2021.117710"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2019.2956161"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.35833\/MPCE.2018.000830"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpwrs.2021.3078730"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2020.2992782"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/mnet.2017.1600321nm"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2649042"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2017.01.001"},{"key":"ref115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsg.2021.3133536"},{"key":"ref116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tii.2023.3290942"},{"key":"ref117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tsg.2023.3237011"},{"key":"ref118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2022.3186660"},{"key":"ref119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2018.2819663"},{"key":"ref120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/jsyst.2021.3108635"},{"key":"ref121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/tpwrs.2021.3091616"},{"key":"ref122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40565-016-0219-2"},{"key":"ref123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en14092568"},{"key":"ref124","article-title":"How to prepare for a cyberattack","author":"Mackey","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx8\/8847244\/10716258\/10616021.pdf?arnumber=10616021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T19:02:11Z","timestamp":1766170931000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/10616021\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"references-count":124,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jestie.2024.3434350","relation":{},"ISSN":["2687-9735","2687-9743"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2687-9735","type":"print"},{"value":"2687-9743","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}}}