{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T18:54:35Z","timestamp":1773168875396,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,1]],"date-time":"2020-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1590969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/Xplorehelp\/downloads\/license-information\/IEEE.html"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"National funds through Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50021\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50021\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"National funds through Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/EEA\/50008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/EEA\/50008\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ph.D. scholarship","award":["SFRH\/BD\/103960\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/103960\/2014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Circuits Syst."],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"DOI":"10.1109\/jetcas.2020.2991024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,28]],"date-time":"2020-04-28T20:07:47Z","timestamp":1588104467000},"page":"240-252","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Dethroning GPS: Low-Power Accurate 5G Positioning Systems Using Machine Learning"],"prefix":"10.1109","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0266-7533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joao","family":"Gante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8066-221X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonel","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9805-6747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Falcao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"263","reference":[{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-92058-0_54"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1997.9.8.1735"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14539","article-title":"Deep learning","volume":"521","author":"bengio","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2018.2840136"},{"key":"ref31","author":"andrews","year":"2007","journal-title":"Global Positioning Systems Inertial Navigation and Integration"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCFall.2015.7390953"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TGCN.2018.2800537"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2757919"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2013.6655399"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/IWCMC.2016.7577201"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2017.2785788"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22436\/jmcs.016.02.14"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2018.2832134"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2013.2260813"},{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2016.2532745"},{"key":"ref20","year":"2016","journal-title":"Study on Indoor Positioning Enhancements for UTRA and LTE"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2016.2593697"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2017.2715363"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICC.2019.8761305"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ALLERTON.2019.8919897"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2017.2753781"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2018.2795547"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"Distilling the knowledge in a neural network","author":"hinton","year":"2015","journal-title":"ArXiv 1503 02531"},{"key":"ref51","article-title":"Bitwise neural networks","author":"kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"arXiv 1601 06071 [cs]"},{"key":"ref10","author":"franklin","year":"2020","journal-title":"NVIDIA Developer Blog NVIDIA Jetson TX2 Delivers Twice the Intelligence to the Edge"},{"key":"ref11","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intel Movidius Intel Movidius Neural Compute Stick"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"iii-1310","article-title":"On the difficulty of training recurrent neural networks","volume":"28","author":"pascanu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc 30th Int Conf Mach Learn (ICML)"},{"key":"ref12","author":"van diggelen","year":"2009","journal-title":"A-GPS Assisted GPS GNSS and SBAS"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1145\/2557968.2557970"},{"key":"ref14","year":"2019","journal-title":"Super-E Low Power and Good Performance White Paper"},{"key":"ref15","year":"2018","journal-title":"MediaTek MT 3339 Datasheet"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"MicroGPS for low-cost orbit determination","author":"wu","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"285","article-title":"A novel design of low power consumption GPS positioning solution based on snapshot technique","author":"dinh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Int Conf Adv Technol Commun (ATC)"},{"key":"ref18","author":"fischer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Observed time difference of arrival (OTDOA) positioning in 3GPP LTE"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2017.8254510"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2015.2504328"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2017.2785181"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/GLOCOM.2018.8647983"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.2017.1600655"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2019.8683782"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/VTCFall.2018.8690987"},{"key":"ref49","article-title":"Adam: A method for stochastic optimization","author":"kingma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc ICLR"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11063-019-10073-1"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/PIMRC.2016.7794690"},{"key":"ref45","year":"2019","journal-title":"Wireless InSite web-page"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"381","article-title":"Overfitting in neural nets: Backpropagation, conjugate gradient, and early stopping","author":"caruana","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc 13th Int Conf Neural Inf Process Syst (NIPS)"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"265","article-title":"TensorFlow: A system for large-scale machine learning","author":"abadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc of USENIX Symp on Operating Systems Design and Implementation (OSDI)"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298965"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"An empirical evaluation of generic convolutional and recurrent networks for sequence modeling","author":"bai","year":"2018","journal-title":"arXiv 1803 01271"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICASSP.2018.8461461"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2016.90"}],"container-title":["IEEE Journal on Emerging and Selected Topics in Circuits and Systems"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/xplorestaging.ieee.org\/ielx7\/5503868\/9115807\/09080126.pdf?arnumber=9080126","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T15:58:11Z","timestamp":1642003091000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ieeexplore.ieee.org\/document\/9080126\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2"},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/jetcas.2020.2991024","relation":{},"ISSN":["2156-3357","2156-3365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2156-3357","type":"print"},{"value":"2156-3365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6]]}}}