{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:50:07Z","timestamp":1783529407424,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,1]],"date-time":"2009-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":945,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Protein Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Recent work using chemical cross\u2010linking to define interresidue distance constraints in proteins has shown that these constraints are useful for testing tertiary structural models. We applied this approach to the G\u2010protein\u2010coupled receptor bovine rhodopsin in its native membrane using lysine\u2010 and cysteine\u2010targeted bifunctional cross\u2010linking reagents. Cross\u2010linked proteolytic peptides of rhodopsin were identified by combined liquid chromatography and FT\u2010ICR mass spectrometry with automated data\u2010reduction and assignment software. Tandem mass spectrometry was used to verify cross\u2010link assignments and locate the exact sites of cross\u2010link attachment. Cross\u2010links were observed to form between 10 pairs of residues in dark\u2010state rhodopsin. For each pair, cross\u2010linkers with a range of linker lengths were tested to determine an experimental distance\u2010of\u2010closest\u2010approach (DCA) between reactive side\u2010chain atoms. In all, 28 cross\u2010links were identified using seven different cross\u2010linking reagents. Molecular mechanics procedures were applied to published crystal structure data to calculate energetically achievable theoretical DCAs between reactive atoms without altering the position of the protein backbone. Experimentally measured DCAs are generally in good agreement with the theoretical DCAs. However, a cross\u2010link between C316 and K325 in the C\u2010terminal region cannot be rationalized by DCA simulations and suggests that backbone reorientation relative to the crystal coordinates occurs on the timescale of cross\u2010linking reactions. Biochemical and spectroscopic data from other studies have found that the C\u2010terminal region is highly mobile in solution and not fully represented by X\u2010ray crystallography data. Our results show that chemical cross\u2010linking can provide reliable three\u2010dimensional structural information and insight into local conformational dynamics in a membrane protein.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1110\/ps.052040406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,26]],"date-time":"2006-05-26T20:18:54Z","timestamp":1148674734000},"page":"1303-1317","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Structure and dynamics of dark\u2010state bovine rhodopsin revealed by chemical cross\u2010linking and high\u2010resolution mass spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Richard B.","family":"Jacobsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth L.","family":"Sale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marites 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