{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T10:49:11Z","timestamp":1773658151649,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,31]],"date-time":"2008-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1230681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3287,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Protein Science"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The effects of 1,1,1,3,3,3\u2010hexafluoro\u2010isopropanol (HFIP) on the conformation of cytochrome <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic> (cyt <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>) at pH 1.9 were studied using a combination of spectroscopic and physical methods. Analysis varying the HFIP concentration showed that a compact denatured conformation (<jats:italic>M<jats:sub>HF<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>) accumulates in a low concentration range of HFIP in the middle of structural transition from the highly unstructured acid\u2010denatured state to the highly helical alcohol\u2010denatured state of cyt <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic>. This contrasts clearly with the effect of isopropanol (IP), in which no compact conformation accompanied with the transition. Analysis varying concentrations of HFIP and NaCl concurrently showed that the <jats:italic>M<jats:sub>HF<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> state of cyt <jats:italic>c<\/jats:italic> is essentially identical to the salt\u2010induced molten\u2010globule (<jats:italic>M<jats:sub>G<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>) state, and the <jats:italic>M<jats:sub>G<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> state in the presence of salt was also stabilized by a low concentration of HFIP. Furthermore, 2,2,2\u2010trifluoroethanol stabilized <jats:italic>M<jats:sub>HF<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic> similarly to HFIP, supporting the proposition that the specific effect observed for HFIP is caused by fluorination of alcohol. The mechanism stabilizing compact conformation by HFIP remains unclear, but is probably distinct from that of salts and polyols, which are also known to stabilize the <jats:italic>M<jats:sub>G<\/jats:sub><\/jats:italic>\u2010like state.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1110\/ps.9.3.564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]],"date-time":"2010-10-01T14:23:03Z","timestamp":1285942983000},"page":"564-569","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Fluorinated alcohol, the third group of cosolvents that stabilize the molten\u2010globule state relative to a highly denatured state of cytochrome <i>c<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Takashi","family":"Konno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Iwashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kuniaki","family":"Nagayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.1994.1015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6408","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)53267-1","article-title":"Comparative study of human and salmon calcitonin secondary structure in solutions with low dielectric constants","volume":"268","author":"Arvinte T","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Biol 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