{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,25]],"date-time":"2025-09-25T16:12:26Z","timestamp":1758816746344},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,7]],"date-time":"2013-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1357516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both glucosamine and cyclosporin have been reported to show immunomodulatory effect with inhibition of each different key transcription factor for cytokine gene expression and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">T<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010cell function. The overall purpose of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of the combination of cyclosporin with glucosamine for the treatment of patients with atopic dermatitis. Twelve patients more than 12\u00a0years old who required systemic cyclosporin were included in the study. Two of them dropped out due to violation of medication schedule. The single (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content>) and combination (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>) regimens were crossed over every 2\u00a0weeks without a washout period between the cross\u2010over for 6\u00a0months. Five patients were randomly assigned to the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content> regimen first (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content> sequence), whereas the other five were given the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> first (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content> sequence). The change of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCORAD<\/jats:styled-content> index was analyzed as the primary efficacy end\u2010point by general linear model and piecewise linear mixed model. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCORAD<\/jats:styled-content> index was reduced with both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SC<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CS<\/jats:styled-content> sequence regimens. In particular, index reduction with the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> was more than that associated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">S<\/jats:styled-content> regimen; this difference increased as time lapsed. The glucosamine combination was predicted to cause an additive decrease in the mean percent change of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SCORAD<\/jats:styled-content> index (~6%), with decreasing interleukin (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20104 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IL<\/jats:styled-content>\u20105 cytokine levels but without increasing treatment\u2010related adverse events. This study suggests that the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content> would produce better clinical outcomes than the S regimen in patients with atopic dermatitis, although confirmatory clinical trials are warranted to determine the effect of combination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,7]],"date-time":"2013-01-07T14:15:19Z","timestamp":1357568119000},"page":"207-210","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Combination of glucosamine improved therapeutic effect of low\u2010dose cyclosporin <scp>A<\/scp> in patients with atopic dermatitis: A pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Hyok\u2010Bu","family":"KWON","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Dongguk University Seoul Graduate School of Medicine Goyang\u2010si"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byung\u2010Jin","family":"AHN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Graduate School Dongguk University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yunseok","family":"CHOI","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Dongguk University Seoul Graduate School of Medicine Goyang\u2010si"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sang Y.","family":"JIN","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Dongguk University Seoul Graduate School of Medicine Goyang\u2010si"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyung A.","family":"CHEONG","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Dongguk University Seoul Graduate School of Medicine Goyang\u2010si"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joongyub","family":"LEE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Collaborating Center Seoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ai\u2010Young","family":"LEE","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Dongguk University Seoul Graduate School of Medicine Goyang\u2010si"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.2000.00696.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199345060-00007"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01877.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200969030-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1993.tb15154.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03610-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"1787","article-title":"Glucosamine therapy for osteoarthritis: an update","volume":"34","author":"Towheed TE","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M204924200"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.11.7202"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3083.2003.01313.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2008.08.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.17.1.149"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/IR:23:2-3:157"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2011.02526.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000245677"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2004.11.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2007.01.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2005.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.02023.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)65097-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1E576"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yrtph.2006.07.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1473-2165.2006.00277.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.28.4.540"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/DMDI.2009.24.2-4.195"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_27_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"Metabolism of cyclosporin A. 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