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It is necessary to evaluate the effect of long\u2010term psoriasis treatment, but there have been no reports evaluating long\u2010term treatment. Therefore, the outcomes of patients who had been treated at the Tokai University Hospital for more than 5\u00a0years, before biological agents were released, were examined. Three categories, classified by initial severity, changes in severity by method of treatment and background characteristics, were investigated. In conclusion, cases of long\u2010term treatment with a combination of topical corticosteroid and topical vitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> analog or oral cyclosporin were found to be effective therapies. Patients with a history of diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular disease of psoriasis were likely to be treatment resistant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,21]],"date-time":"2013-01-21T12:08:47Z","timestamp":1358770127000},"page":"238-243","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Long\u2010term efficacy of psoriasis vulgaris treatments: Analysis of treatment with topical corticosteroid and\/or vitamin D<sub>3<\/sub> analog, oral cyclosporin, etretinate and phototherapy over a 35\u2010year period, 1975\u20132010"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Emiko","family":"Akasaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Tokai University School of Medicine Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomotaka","family":"Mabuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Tokai University School of Medicine Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuaki","family":"Manabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Tokai University School of Medicine Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eiichiro","family":"Yahagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Tokai University School of Medicine Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Azusa","family":"Yamada\u2010Hiruma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Tokai University School of Medicine Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanako","family":"Yamaoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Tokai University School of Medicine Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Kojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Tokai University School of Medicine Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Tokai University School of Medicine Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norihiro","family":"Ikoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Tokai University School of Medicine Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Ozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Tokai University School of Medicine Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasuo","family":"Haruki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Science Tokai University School of Medicine Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"20","volume-title":"Rook's Textbook of Dermatology","author":"Griffiths CEM","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2336\/nishinihonhifu.55.86"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2007.02534.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"145","article-title":"Established treatment of psoriasis. 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