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At least four forms of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCA<\/jats:styled-content> and one of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OA<\/jats:styled-content> are known, associated with <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TYR<\/jats:styled-content><\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCA<\/jats:styled-content>1), <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCA<\/jats:styled-content>2<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCA<\/jats:styled-content>2), <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TYRP<\/jats:styled-content>1<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCA<\/jats:styled-content>3), <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SLC<\/jats:styled-content>45A2<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OCA<\/jats:styled-content>4) and <jats:italic><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GPR<\/jats:styled-content>143<\/jats:italic> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OA<\/jats:styled-content>1) loci, respectively. Additionally, the rarest syndromic forms of albinism, affecting the normal function of other organs, can be grouped in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>ermansky\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">P<\/jats:styled-content>udlak syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HPS<\/jats:styled-content>1\u20139) and the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">C<\/jats:styled-content>hediak\u2013<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">H<\/jats:styled-content>igashi syndrome (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CHS<\/jats:styled-content>1). In summary, a total of 15 genes are currently associated with various types of albinism. However, new genes have been recently described, associated with autosomal recessive oculocutaneous albinism with highly similar phenotypes but diverse molecular origin, indicating that there are likely to be more than 15 genes whose mutations will be associated with albinism. In this review, we will describe the different types of albinism and comment on its prevalence in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">E<\/jats:styled-content>uropean countries. Some preclinical attempts for innovative therapeutic approaches of different types of albinism will be also discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,14]],"date-time":"2013-05-14T07:04:41Z","timestamp":1368515081000},"page":"319-324","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Albinism in <scp>E<\/scp>urope"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"M\u00e1rtinez\u2010Garc\u00eda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB\u2010CSIC)"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Llu\u00eds","family":"Montoliu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology National Centre for Biotechnology 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