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Pustulotic arthro\u2010osteitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAO<\/jats:styled-content>) is a joint comorbidity of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPP<\/jats:styled-content>, most often affecting the anterior chest wall. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAO<\/jats:styled-content> is sometimes regarded as the same entity as synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis and osteitis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAPHO<\/jats:styled-content>) syndrome, and may be a subtype or incomplete type of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAPHO<\/jats:styled-content> syndrome; however, there are several differences. In Japanese patients, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPP<\/jats:styled-content> with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAO<\/jats:styled-content> is frequently seen, whereas <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAPHO<\/jats:styled-content> syndrome in the true meaning is rare. A difference of incidence depending on race suggests that different genetic backgrounds may be responsible for susceptibility to these disorders. Bacterial infection, especially <jats:italic>Propionibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic>, is suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAPHO<\/jats:styled-content> syndrome. <jats:italic>P.\u00a0acnes<\/jats:italic> is responsible for acne, however, bacterium is unassociated with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPP<\/jats:styled-content> skin lesions which are characterized by sterile pustules. On the other hand, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAO<\/jats:styled-content> is frequently triggered by focal infection, and treatment of focal infection results in dramatic effects on the release of joint pain. This paper reviews current insights into the clinicopathophysiology of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PAO<\/jats:styled-content>, and discusses its possible mechanisms in comparison with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SAPHO<\/jats:styled-content> syndrome.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,16]],"date-time":"2013-10-16T10:03:16Z","timestamp":1381917796000},"page":"857-863","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Pustulotic arthro\u2010osteitis associated with palmoplantar pustulosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Fukushima Medical University Fukushima 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