{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,3]],"date-time":"2026-02-03T15:49:09Z","timestamp":1770133749776,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,22]],"date-time":"2013-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382400000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We treated 12, 15 and 13 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>apanese actinic keratosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content>) lesions with 5\u2010aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content>), 5% imiquimod cream and combination of both therapies, respectively, and compared the effects. Patients underwent the second course, when <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content> lesions remained after the first course. Efficacy was evaluated 1\u00a0month after each treatment. Combination therapy cleared all <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content> lesions only after the first course, while <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> and imiquimod therapy cleared 41.7% and 66.7% of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content> lesions after the first course, respectively. All residual <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content> lesions after the first course were cleared by the second courses of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> or imiquimod therapy. During the course, erosion and crust developed significantly more frequently in combination therapy (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;\u00a00.001). Most <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">J<\/jats:styled-content>apanese <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AK<\/jats:styled-content> lesions can be satisfactorily treated with either <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PDT<\/jats:styled-content> or imiquimod monotherapy. However, only severe cases may better be treated with combination therapy, which show higher efficacy even though adverse events occur frequently.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12310","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,22]],"date-time":"2013-10-22T11:02:50Z","timestamp":1382439770000},"page":"962-967","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Comparative study for the effect of photodynamic therapy, imiquimod immunotherapy and combination of both therapies on 40 lesions of actinic keratosis in <scp>J<\/scp>apanese patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Noriko","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chika","family":"Ohata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norito","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuko","family":"Imamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihiro","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minao","family":"Furumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinichiro","family":"Yasumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamihiro","family":"Kawakami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology Kurume Japan"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology St Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Tsuruta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology Kurume Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Hashimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kurume University School of Medicine, and Kurume University Institute of Cutaneous Cell Biology Kurume Japan"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology St Marianna University School of Medicine Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"1007","volume-title":"Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine","author":"Duncan K","year":"2008"},{"issue":"691","key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"699","article-title":"Dermacase. 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