{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T21:30:23Z","timestamp":1791322223390,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,16]],"date-time":"2015-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1434412800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Thymoma is recognized to be complicated with autoimmune diseases, such as myasthenia gravis, pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid. Abnormal regulation of autoreactive lymphocytes may be involved in the pathogenesis of the autoimmune diseases. The association of thymoma and lichen planus (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LP<\/jats:styled-content>) is relatively rare. Among 50 patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LP<\/jats:styled-content>, we identified three patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LP<\/jats:styled-content> accompanied by thymoma (6%; 3\/50) in our department from 2004 to 2014. This is the first report identifying the frequency of thymoma accompanied by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LP<\/jats:styled-content> among patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LP<\/jats:styled-content>. We herein report three cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LP<\/jats:styled-content> accompanied by thymoma along with clinical and histological features. In addition, we summarize 29 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LP<\/jats:styled-content> patients accompanied by thymoma previously reported in the English\u2010language published works. Regarding the complications, hypogammaglobulinemia accompanied 58.6% (17\/29) of patients diagnosed with Good's syndrome. Alopecia was present in 13.8% (4\/29) of patients, and myasthenia gravis was present in 17.2% (5\/29) of patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LP<\/jats:styled-content> and thymoma. Among the 27 patients with thymectomy, only 25.9% (7\/27) experienced the improvement of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LP<\/jats:styled-content>, suggesting that thymectomy may not be effective for the lesions of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LP<\/jats:styled-content>. Treatment\u2010resistant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LP<\/jats:styled-content> was reported in 54.2% (13\/24) of patients. In all our cases, oral lesions were intractable to treatment with oral predonisone and topical steroids and\/or tacrolimus. It is important for dermatologists to recognize the clinical characteristics of the patients with both <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">LP<\/jats:styled-content> and thymoma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,16]],"date-time":"2015-06-16T07:17:41Z","timestamp":1434439061000},"page":"1072-1077","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Lichen planus complicated with thymoma: Report of three Japanese cases and review of the published work"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Sei\u2010ichiro","family":"Motegi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Gunma Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Uchiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Gunma Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuya","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Gunma Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayaka","family":"Toki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Gunma Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroo","family":"Amano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Gunma Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Ishikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine Gunma Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2007.04.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.10.1335"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555567351356","article-title":"Dermatologic disorders in patients with thymoma","volume":"67","author":"Gibson LE","year":"1987","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.12.3872"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/GHY8AL2D45P2R234"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/154411130201300405"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"196","article-title":"Thymoma, acquired hypogammaglobulinaemia, lichen planus, alopecia areata","volume":"67","author":"Tan RS","year":"1974","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1978.01640140073019","article-title":"Triad of lichen planus, myasthenia gravis, and thymoma","volume":"114","author":"Aronson IK","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(82)70081-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(89)90138-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(94)70020-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(94)91953-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(96)70461-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2230.1998.00367.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000018010"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"The triad of lichen planus, thymoma and liver cirrhosis\u2010hepatoma. 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