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Regardless of the recent progress in medicine, no radical therapy for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c has been developed, and the risk of mortality remains high. Therefore, diagnosis in the early disease stage, risk stratification for the development of serious organ involvement and therapeutic intervention with disease\u2010modifying drugs can reduce the maximum degree of fibrosis, leading to improved long\u2010term survival. Recently, new criteria for very early diagnosis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c have been proposed, which are expected to be useful for regularly following up patients with very early <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c, regardless of the absence of skin sclerosis, and for detecting the development of internal organ involvement as early as possible. At present, several immunosuppressants, including methotrexate, corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide, are being used for the treatment of fibrosis. Furthermore, mycophenolate mofetil, i.v. immunoglobulins, B\u2010cell depletion, anti\u2010interleukin\u20106 receptor antibody, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, rapamycin, pirfenidone and imatinib mesylate are potential candidates for the treatment of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c, although their efficacy has not been validated. Moreover, targeting transforming growth factor\u20101 and its signaling pathway or modulating the imbalance between T\u2010helper 1 and 2 immune responses are also attractive therapeutic options. This review describes recent advances in the strategy for treatment of fibrosis in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c and future perspectives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,5]],"date-time":"2016-01-05T17:54:13Z","timestamp":1452016453000},"page":"46-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Strategy for treatment of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis: Present and future"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Koichi","family":"Yanaba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology The Jikei University School of Medicine Tokyo 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