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Clinical features, disease progress, therapeutic response and prognosis are heterogeneous among patients with systemic sclerosis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c). Therefore, biomarkers that can predict these matters are required for the progress of clinical practice. At present, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c\u2010specific autoantibodies are the most useful biomarkers for diagnosis and predicting clinical features. Otherwise, biomarkers specific only for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c have not been identified yet. The glycoprotein krebs von den Lungen\u20106, surfactant protein\u2010D and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCL<\/jats:styled-content>18 are promising serum biomarkers of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c\u2010related interstitial lung diseases. Serum\/plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide and serum N\u2010terminal pro\u2010brain natriuretic peptide have been used as biomarkers for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c\u2010related pulmonary arterial hypertension. Other potential serum\/plasma biomarkers for fibrosis and vascular involvement of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c are connective tissue growth factor, interleukin\u20106, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CCL<\/jats:styled-content>2, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>4, intercellular adhesion molecule (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICAM<\/jats:styled-content>)\u20101, P\u2010selectin, vascular endothelial growth factor, von Willebrand factor, endostatin, endoglin and endothelin\u20101. In our multicenter prospective studies of Japanese early <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c, serum <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ICAM<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 levels were predictive for subsequent respiratory dysfunction and serum levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CXCL<\/jats:styled-content>8 and P\u2010selectin were predictive for subsequent physical disability. Further large, multicenter, prospective, longitudinal studies will be needed to identify and validate critical biomarkers of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SS<\/jats:styled-content>c.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13156","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,5]],"date-time":"2016-01-05T17:54:13Z","timestamp":1452016453000},"page":"29-38","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Biomarkers in systemic sclerosis: Their potential to predict clinical courses"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Minoru","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology School of Medicine Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Fukui Fukui 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