{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T04:58:56Z","timestamp":1784177936543,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,23]],"date-time":"2016-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1469232000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korean Health Technology R&D Project"},{"name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea","award":["HI14C2357"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HI14C2357"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Severe alopecia areata (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content>) can have an unpredictable clinical course and become refractory to contact immunotherapy. Novel treatment options include low\u2010dose interleukin\u20102 and Janus kinase inhibitors; however, these treatments are still under investigation. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of intramuscular (i.m.) triamcinolone acetonide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAC<\/jats:styled-content>) as a rescue therapy for refractory <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content>. We retrospectively analysed efficacy, adverse effects and relapse rate of i.m. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAC<\/jats:styled-content> monthly in 27 patients with refractory <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content>. We defined <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content> as refractory if the patient showed an unsatisfactory response to both systemic treatment (not i.m. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAC<\/jats:styled-content>) and the consecutive diphenylcyclopropenone immunotherapy. The initial systemic treatment of other forms of corticosteroids and\/or cyclosporin was used to control extensive <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content> involving more than 25% of the scalp. Administration of i.m. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAC<\/jats:styled-content> for 3\u20136 months resulted in a 63.0% response rate, and all patients showed inactive disease after treatment. Final hair regrowth negatively correlated with initial scalp involvement (Spearman <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.595, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.001). All patients showed complete recovery of adrenocortical reserve within 3 months after the last injection. Adverse effects of systemic steroid therapy were observed only in female patients (dysmenorrhea and osteoporosis). i.m. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TAC<\/jats:styled-content> may provide a valuable therapeutic option to manage active hair loss and facilitate hair regrowth in refractory <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AA<\/jats:styled-content>, especially in male patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,23]],"date-time":"2016-07-23T07:52:52Z","timestamp":1469260372000},"page":"173-179","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide: An undervalued option for refractory alopecia areata"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Jimyung","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Severance Hospital Cutaneous Biology Research Institute Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young In","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Severance Hospital Cutaneous Biology Research Institute Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinwon","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Severance Hospital Cutaneous Biology Research Institute Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenlong","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Severance Hospital Cutaneous Biology Research Institute Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul Korea"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Yanbian University Hospital Yanji China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Do Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Severance Hospital Cutaneous Biology Research Institute Yonsei University College of Medicine Seoul 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