{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T12:29:43Z","timestamp":1780921783916,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,24]],"date-time":"2016-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1482537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bacterial colonization on skin or tonsil may influence the clinical response of patients with psoriasis to immunosuppressive drugs. However, few studies have investigated the effects of bacterial superantigens on therapy in these patients. Recently, combination therapy with topical glucocorticoids (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GC<\/jats:styled-content>) and vitamin D3 (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VD<\/jats:styled-content>3) appears to be more effective than<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GC<\/jats:styled-content>or<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VD<\/jats:styled-content>3 monotherapy for psoriasis. We evaluated the suppressive effects of betamethasone butyrate propionate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BBP<\/jats:styled-content>), three<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VD<\/jats:styled-content>3 derivatives (calcipotriol, maxacalcitol and tacalcitol), cyclosporin and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BBP<\/jats:styled-content>plus<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VD<\/jats:styled-content>3, on concanavalin A (ConA)\u2010 or streptococcal pyrogenic enterotoxin A (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPEA<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010stimulated proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBMC<\/jats:styled-content>) obtained from 35 psoriasis patients. Drug concentrations effecting 50% inhibition concentration of ConA\u2010 or<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPEA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010stimulated<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBMC<\/jats:styled-content>proliferation were estimated. Cytokine levels of tumor necrosis factor\u2010\u03b1, \u03b3\u2010interferon, interleukin\u20101b, \u20102, \u20104, \u20105, \u20106, \u20108 \u201010 and \u201012p70 in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBMC<\/jats:styled-content>culture supernatants were measured with bead\u2010array procedures. Suppression of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBMC<\/jats:styled-content>proliferation by<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BBP<\/jats:styled-content>was significantly lower when<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBMC<\/jats:styled-content>were stimulated by<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPEA<\/jats:styled-content>than when stimulated by ConA. In contrast, the suppressive effects of calcipotriol and tacalcitol increased significantly when<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBMC<\/jats:styled-content>were stimulated by<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPEA<\/jats:styled-content>than when stimulated by ConA. The suppressive effect of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BBP<\/jats:styled-content>on<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPEA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010stimulated<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBMC<\/jats:styled-content>proliferation was improved significantly by adding 1\u20131000 ng\/mL calcipotriol, compared with<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BBP<\/jats:styled-content>alone. Cytokine levels in<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBMC<\/jats:styled-content>culture supernatants were not significantly different between ConA\u2010 and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPEA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010stimulated<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBMC<\/jats:styled-content>. Calcipotriol and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BBP<\/jats:styled-content>in combination markedly suppressed<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPEA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010stimulated<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PBMC<\/jats:styled-content>proliferation.<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SPEA<\/jats:styled-content>produced by colonization of hemolytic streptococci may reduce the efficacy of<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BBP<\/jats:styled-content>but not<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">VD<\/jats:styled-content>3 derivatives in the treatment of psoriasis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,25]],"date-time":"2016-12-25T05:21:36Z","timestamp":1482643296000},"page":"567-572","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Vitamin D3 derivatives, alone or in combination with glucocorticoids, suppress streptococcal pyrogenic enterotoxin A\u2010stimulated 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