{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,7]],"date-time":"2025-11-07T19:12:53Z","timestamp":1762542773686,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]],"date-time":"2017-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1513123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pfizer Academic Contribution"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Macrolide\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Propionibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic> are frequently isolated from patients with acne vulgaris, and the most resistant isolates (&gt;90% resistance) have the 23S rRNA mutation. An increase in resistant <jats:italic>P.\u00a0acnes<\/jats:italic> with this mutation is thought to be caused by the inappropriate use of antimicrobials. Therefore, we studied the mutation frequency of macrolide resistance in <jats:italic>P.\u00a0acnes in\u00a0vitro<\/jats:italic>. When <jats:italic>P.\u00a0acnes<\/jats:italic> mutants were exposed to clarithromycin after being incubated in broth without antimicrobials, resistant mutants with the 23S rRNA mutation were not isolated. However, the mutants were obtained at the frequency of 10<jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup> after being pre\u2010incubated with 0.03\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL of antimicrobials. This is the estimated epidermal concentration of clarithromycin after p.o. administration. The resistant mutants had the 23S rRNA mutations A2058G, A2059G and C2611G. When pre\u2010incubated with clarithromycin, C2611G mutants which showed resistance to clarithromycin were obtained 32.1% more often than pre\u2010incubated with clindamycin (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01). By contrast, when pre\u2010incubated with clindamycin, A2058G mutants, which show high\u2010level resistance to both clarithromycin and clindamycin, were more frequently obtained than pre\u2010incubated with clarithromycin (87.5%, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01). No difference in the isolation rate of A2059G mutants, which show high\u2010level resistance to macrolides but low\u2010level resistance to clindamycin, was found with either treatment. These results indicate the possibility that long\u2010term use of oral macrolides for acne treatment facilitate the increase of macrolide\u2010resistant <jats:italic>P.\u00a0acnes<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.14178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]],"date-time":"2017-12-13T11:22:52Z","timestamp":1513164172000},"page":"340-343","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Long\u2010term administration of oral macrolides for acne treatment increases macrolide\u2010resistant <i>Propionibacterium acnes<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Keisuke","family":"Nakase","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology School of Pharmacy Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuhei","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology School of Pharmacy Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sae","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology School of Pharmacy Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4710-7297","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norihisa","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology School of Pharmacy Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2009.46"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.70159"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-9740.2003.02134.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh519"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12676385"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.7.1702"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anaerobe.2016.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/49.1.165"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2133.2003.05067.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2016.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2010.04506.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13913"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.2012.01626.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000449280"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.067611-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","unstructured":"CLSI.Methods of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Anaerobic Bacteria\u2010Eighth Edition; 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