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However, some individuals developed leukoderma on the skin where <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RD<\/jats:styled-content> had been applied and have suffered from refractory depigmentation even after discontinuing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RD<\/jats:styled-content> application. Bimatoprost is a prostaglandin F2\u03b1 analog and is often used for eyelash growth for cosmetic reasons as well as in the treatment of glaucoma. It was reported that bimatoprost induced skin pigmentation in addition to iris pigmentation as adverse effects. Therefore, we conducted an open\u2010label single\u2010center pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of bimatoprost on refractory <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced leukoderma. Eleven Japanese female patients with skin type <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">III<\/jats:styled-content> who developed leukoderma on the exact or slightly extended area of skin where <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RD<\/jats:styled-content> had been applied and gained a halt of enlargement of leukoderma or repigmentation on a part of the affected skin after discontinuation of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RD<\/jats:styled-content> were enrolled. Bimatoprost 0.03% solution was applied on the leukoderma once daily for 3 months, and then the frequency of application was increased to twice daily for the subsequent 3 months. Ten patients completed the 6\u2010month course of bimatoprost application. In four patients, bimatoprost application brought slight improvement in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced refractory leukoderma by dermatologists\u2019 evaluation. Because the number of enrolled patients was limited, further larger studies are necessary to better assess the effectiveness of bimatoprost in inducing repigmentation in patients with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010induced refractory leukoderma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.14634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,30]],"date-time":"2018-08-30T08:08:56Z","timestamp":1535616536000},"page":"1283-1288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Open\u2010label pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of topical bimatoprost on rhododendrol\u2010induced refractory leukoderma"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Saki","family":"Fukaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Teikyo University School of Medicine Tokyo 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