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Although recent studies have revealed the hypersensitivity of the skin towards chemical, thermal and biological stimuli, there is no direct molecular evidence suggesting the skin barrier is impaired in rosacea. In this study, we demonstrated that the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">mRNA<\/jats:styled-content> levels of most claudins (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLDN<\/jats:styled-content>), the main components of tight junctions determining the major barrier of the paracellular pathway between epithelial cells, were lowered in lesional skin of rosacea patients, especially with erythematotelangiectatic (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ETR<\/jats:styled-content>) and papulopustular (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPR<\/jats:styled-content>) subtypes. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a significant decrease in the expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLDN<\/jats:styled-content>1, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLDN<\/jats:styled-content>3, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLDN<\/jats:styled-content>4 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLDN<\/jats:styled-content>5 in the epidermis of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ETR<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PPR<\/jats:styled-content> patients. However, the expression of other skin barrier genes, such as filaggrin, loricrin and keratin 10, was not altered. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>, various rosacea trigger factors reduced the protein levels of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLDN<\/jats:styled-content>1, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLDN<\/jats:styled-content>3 and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLDN<\/jats:styled-content>5 in keratinocytes. Taken together, our results demonstrate a significant decrease in the expression of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CLDN<\/jats:styled-content> rather than other skin barrier genes, which may be associated with an impaired skin barrier responsible for the development of rosacea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.14792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T10:21:35Z","timestamp":1549275695000},"page":"314-321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Claudin reduction may relate to an impaired skin barrier in rosacea"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"given":"Zhili","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China"},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine Xiangya Hospital Central South University Changsha China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Organ 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