{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T06:06:08Z","timestamp":1785564368414,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":7,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]],"date-time":"2019-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561593600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cutaneous gnathostomiasis (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CG<\/jats:styled-content>) is a disease caused by ingestion of third\u2010stage <jats:italic>Gnathostoma<\/jats:italic> larva in raw snakes, freshwater fish or frogs. The common causative organisms of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CG<\/jats:styled-content> in Japan include <jats:italic>G.\u00a0nipponicum<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> G.\u00a0spinigerum<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> G.\u00a0doloresi<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> G.\u00a0binucleatum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>G.\u00a0hispidum<\/jats:italic>. We report two cases of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CG<\/jats:styled-content> after eating many raw Japanese icefishes (<jats:italic>Salangichthys microdon<\/jats:italic>). In both cases, linear itchy eruptions on the trunk developed after eating many <jats:italic>S.\u00a0microdon<\/jats:italic>. We performed genetic analysis in the first case, which revealed <jats:italic>G.\u00a0nipponicum<\/jats:italic>. Of note, this is the first case of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CG<\/jats:styled-content> diagnosed based on genetic analysis in Japan. In Japan, eating whole small raw freshwater fish is common. The most popular types of raw small freshwater fish consumed in Japan are <jats:italic>S.\u00a0microdon<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>shirauo<\/jats:italic> in Japanese) and <jats:italic>Leucopsarion petersii<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>shirouo<\/jats:italic> in Japanese). Usually, <jats:italic>S.\u00a0microdon<\/jats:italic> are born in rivers, but live in both the sea and rivers. They feed on small fish and freshwater water fleas and spawn in rivers in the spring. On the other hand, <jats:italic>L.\u00a0petersii<\/jats:italic> are born in rivers, but move to the sea soon after hatching. They feed on plankton such as copepod in the sea. They do not feed on anything when they return to rivers to spawn in the spring. Therefore, we hypothesize that <jats:italic>S.\u00a0microdon<\/jats:italic> are more easily parasitized by <jats:italic>G.\u00a0nipponicum<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]],"date-time":"2019-06-27T09:53:56Z","timestamp":1561629236000},"page":"791-793","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Two cases of cutaneous gnathostomiasis after eating raw <i>Salangichthys microdon<\/i> (icefish, <i>shirauo<\/i>)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4534-8313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayumi","family":"Korekawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0652-9338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koji","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3501-7748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eiko","family":"Makita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Aizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haruhiko","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitic Disease Unit Department of Infectious Diseases Faculty of Medicine University of Miyazaki Miyazaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuyuki","family":"Morishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Sawamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine Hirosaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/JOH2005315"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.13893"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","first-page":"389","article-title":"Creeping eruption: clinical review of 28 cases from the dermatology department of Akita university hospital","volume":"113","author":"Kawamura N","year":"2003","journal-title":"Jpn J Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3283221"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"122","article-title":"A case of creeping disease presumably due to Gnathostoma nipponicum: successful monitoring of therapeutic effect with serum antibody titers to Gnathostoma doloresi","volume":"12","author":"Suzuki T","year":"2013","journal-title":"Skin 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