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About 80% of vitiligo risk is attributable to genetic factors; and the rest (20%) is attributable to the environment. Over the past decade, substantial progress has been made in our understanding of the pathogenesis of vitiligo which is now clearly classified as an autoimmune disease. Melanocytes from patients with vitiligo are more susceptible to oxidative stress which begets the release of exosomes and inflammatory cytokines that will lead to activation of the innate immune response and subsequently to adaptive immune response through activation of autoreactive cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. These produce interferon\u2010\u03b3 (IFN\u2010\u03b3) which promotes disease progression through IFN\u2010\u03b3\u2010induced chemokine secretion from surrounding keratinocytes to further recruit T cells to the skin through a positive feedback loop. CD8 tissue\u2010resident memory T cells are in turn responsible for long\u2010term maintenance and potential relapse of vitiligo in human patients through cytokine\u2010mediated recruitment of T cells from the circulation. This review summarizes the current knowledge on vitiligo and attempt to give an overview of the future in vitiligo treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15743","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T23:37:12Z","timestamp":1610062632000},"page":"252-270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":239,"title":["Vitiligo: A focus on pathogenesis and its therapeutic implications"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Christina","family":"Bergqvist","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology AP\u2010HP Henri Mondor University Hospital UPEC Cr\u00e9teil France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5468-4589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaled","family":"Ezzedine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology AP\u2010HP Henri Mondor University Hospital UPEC Cr\u00e9teil France"},{"name":"EA 7379 EpidermE Universit\u00e9 Paris\u2010Est Cr\u00e9teil, UPEC Cr\u00e9teil France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_17_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1977.01640010049006"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2000.00880.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2010.11.061"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2011.05377.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13839"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16049"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12955-020-1278-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.09.088"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.07.039"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-148X.2012.00997.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2015.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.1993.tb00023.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13677"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60763-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163806"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0749.2003.00032.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2015.56.3.719"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-4632.2006.02848.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_20_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"400 cases of vitiligo. 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