{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T11:06:07Z","timestamp":1790075167910,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]],"date-time":"2021-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Terbinafine (TRF) has been used in the treatment of fungal infections for more than 20\u00a0years. Recently, TRF\u2010resistant <jats:italic>Trichophyton interdigitale<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. rubrum<\/jats:italic> strains have been isolated from human patients worldwide. However, an epidemiological study of TRF\u2010resistant strains in Japanese patients has not been investigated. In the present study, antifungal susceptibility testing was performed on clinical isolates from Japanese patients to assess TRF\u2010resistance patterns of <jats:italic>T. interdigitale<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. rubrum<\/jats:italic> strains. We also sequenced the <jats:italic>squalene epoxidase<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>SQLE<\/jats:italic>) encoding gene of TRF\u2010resistant <jats:italic>T. rubrum<\/jats:italic> strains. Two hundred and ten <jats:italic>T. interdigitale<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>T. rubrum<\/jats:italic> clinical isolates were obtained from 210 human cases of tinea pedis, tinea corporis, tinea unguium, tinea\u00a0cruris, tinea manuum, tinea faciei and tinea capitis in Tokyo, Saitama, Chiba, Hyogo and Kumamoto, Japan, in 2020. Five <jats:italic>T. rubrum<\/jats:italic> isolates (N74, N79, N99, H30 and K2) grew on Sabouraud's dextrose agar (SDA) containing 1\u00a0mg\/L of TRF. All five strains exhibited TRF minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) \u226532\u00a0mg\/L but remained susceptible to azoles. We determined <jats:italic>SQLE<\/jats:italic> sequences in these TRF\u2010resistant <jats:italic>T. rubrum<\/jats:italic> strains and found that all strains harbored missense mutations (L393F) in the <jats:italic>SQLE<\/jats:italic>\u2010encoding gene.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T14:33:09Z","timestamp":1610721189000},"page":"564-567","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Epidemiological study of terbinafine\u2010resistant dermatophytes isolated from Japanese patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Junichiro","family":"Hiruma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Tokyo Medical University Shinjuku\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4993-304X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiromitsu","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Noguchi Dermatology Clinic Kamimashiki\u2010gun Kumamoto Japan"},{"name":"Ochanomizu Institute for Medical Mycology and Allergology Toshima\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Midori","family":"Hase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ochanomizu Institute for Medical Mycology and Allergology Toshima\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumie","family":"Tokuhisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sakurayama Dermatology Clinic Shimonoseki\u2010shi Yamaguchi Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shimizu Dermatology Clinic Gotenba\u2010shi Shizuoka Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7103-3254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takasuke","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology and Allergology Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine Bunkyo\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masataro","family":"Hiruma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ochanomizu Institute for Medical Mycology and Allergology Toshima\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9059-4097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazutoshi","family":"Harada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Tokyo Medical University Shinjuku\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1764-629X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Kano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Dermatology Nihon University College of Bioresource Sciences Fujisawa Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Medical Mycology","author":"Kwon\u2010Chung KJ","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"527","volume-title":"Fundamental Medical Mycology","author":"Reiss E","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.7.2840-2844.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00115-17"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01126-19"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.12-0057"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","volume-title":"CLSI document M38\u2010A2: Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Filamentous Fungi; 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