{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T19:18:09Z","timestamp":1773343089585,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Artificial red blood cells (i.e. hemoglobin [Hb] vesicles [Hb\u2010Vs]) function effectively as photosensitizers in flashlamp\u2010pumped pulsed\u2010dye laser (PDL) treatment for port\u2010wine<\/jats:p><jats:p>stains in animal models. Hb\u2010Vs deliver more Hb to the vicinity of the endothelial cells. Both Hb\u2010Vs and red blood cells absorb the laser energy and generate heat, supporting the removal of very small blood vessels and deeper subcutaneous blood vessels with PDL irradiation in in vivo experiments. Here, we analyzed the photosensitizing effect of Hb\u2010Vs in PDL irradiation on large blood vessels and surrounding soft tissues. We histopathologically analyzed markers of damage to the large vessels and surrounding dermal tissue in a rabbit auricle model following PDL irradiation alone or subsequent to the addition of intravenous Hb\u2010V injection. Markers were graded on a five\u2010point scale and statistically compared. The changes in laser light absorption and reflection in a human skin model caused by the administration of Hb\u2010Vs were evaluated using Monte Carlo light\u2010scattering programs. Histological markers of damage to blood vessels were significantly greater in Hb\u2010V\u2010injected arteries and veins measuring 1\u20133\u00a0mm in diameter as compared with the controls. However, Hb\u2010V injection significantly reduced PDL\u2010induced necrosis and hemorrhage in the surrounding tissues. During computer simulation, photon absorption increased within the vessel layer and decreased around the layer. Intravenous Hb\u2010Vs increase the extent of damage in larger vessel walls but significantly reduce damage to the surrounding skin after subsequent PDL irradiation. These beneficial effects are the result of improving vessel selectivity by Hb\u2010Vs in vessels. Hb\u2010V administration prior to PDL irradiation therapy could mechanically improve the outcomes and safety profiles of port\u2010wine stain treatment protocols.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T16:07:35Z","timestamp":1614269255000},"page":"600-612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Artificial red blood cells increase large vessel wall damage and decrease surrounding dermal tissue damage in a rabbit auricle model after subsequent flashlamp\u2010pumped pulsed\u2010dye laser treatment"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Kae","family":"Shimanouchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery Chiba University Hospital Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4459-8385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoaki","family":"Rikihisa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oyumino Central Hospital Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiaki","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pathology Hatano Research Institute, Food and Drug Safety Center Hatano Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaito","family":"Iuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging Sciences Chiba University Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norimichi","family":"Tsumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Imaging Sciences Chiba University Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0681-3032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiromi","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry Nara Medical University Nara Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Mitsukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511722073"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"1145","article-title":"Port\u2010wine stains: a focused review on their management","volume":"16","author":"Updyke KM","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15599"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6836297"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sap.0000208942.15897.15"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.11.938"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000003082"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-018-2525-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.2007.33197.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.23134"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/BIR-190207"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(09)65019-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2007.01893.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-018-2480-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bc500153x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bc990173h"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/bc800431d"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","unstructured":"SakaiH.Method for producing vesicles. 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