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In this review, we investigate and evaluate the major considerations for developing rhododendrol\u2010induced leukoderma based on data from original or review articles published in the literature to provide a wide range of information regarding the pathophysiology, mechanisms, risk evaluation, and possible mechanism\u2010based treatments. We compile and discuss the latest information, including data related to the cytotoxicity of rhododendrol, cytoprotective functions, and involvement of the immune system, and consider the possibility of novel treatments based on the differences between individual patients and on the mechanism underlying the onset of the condition. Understanding the pathophysiology of rhododendrol\u2010induced leukoderma helps not only elucidate the mechanisms of non\u2010segmental vitiligo onset and progression, but also suggests prevention and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15878","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,6]],"date-time":"2021-05-06T07:00:39Z","timestamp":1620284439000},"page":"969-978","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Rhododendrol\u2010induced leukoderma update II: Pathophysiology, mechanisms, risk evaluation, and possible mechanism\u2010based treatments in comparison with vitiligo"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4996-5693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shintaro","family":"Inoue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cosmetic Health Science Gifu Pharmaceutical University Gifu 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