{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T18:10:51Z","timestamp":1792519851088,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,19]],"date-time":"2021-12-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Mycosis fungoides (MF) and S\u00e9zary syndrome (SS) are representative cutaneous lymphomas. In their early stage, a small number of tumor cells and a large number of non\u2010malignant cells form a Th1\u2010dominant tumor microenvironment. Increase in malignant T cells is accompanied by a decrease in CD8\u2010positive T cells, with a shift toward a Th2\u2010dominant milieu in advanced\u2010stage lesions. The etiologies of MF\/SS are diverse, and the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. Advanced MF\/SS is known to be highly sensitive to\n                    <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and the majority of deaths are caused by severe infections. The susceptibility to infection is associated with barrier dysfunction and immunosuppression, which are the main symptoms of MF. In recent years, skin\u2010colonizing\n                    <jats:italic>S.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    has been identified to not only cause severe infections but also play an important role in the pathogenesis of MF\/SS. Staphylococcal superantigens activate the proliferation of tumor cells and induce CD25 upregulation, FOXP3 expression, IL\u201017 expression, and miR\u2010155 expression. Alpha\u2010toxin eliminates non\u2010neoplastic CD4\u2010positive cells and CD8\u2010positive cells and plays a major role in tumor cell selection. Lipoprotein may also be associated with the induction of Th2\u2010dominant milieu. Antibiotic therapy for\n                    <jats:italic>S.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    eradication has been reported to cause considerable clinical improvement in the majority of individuals with advanced cutaneous T\u2010cell lymphoma. Therefore,\n                    <jats:italic>S.\u00a0aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    may be a novel target for the treatment of advanced\u2010stage MF\/SS in the future.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,20]],"date-time":"2021-12-20T00:29:13Z","timestamp":1639960153000},"page":"202-209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Pathogenesis of cutaneous T cell lymphoma: Involvement of\n                    <i>Staphylococcus aureus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6482-8953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuyasu","family":"Fujii","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Kagoshima 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