{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T00:21:04Z","timestamp":1747182064754,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004530","name":"Universiti Putra Malaysia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VOT 9680500"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VOT 9680500"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is the first\u2010line systemic treatment for cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). Whole blood HCQ concentration (WBHCQ) was found to correlate with CLE severity among Caucasians. However, studies on Asians are scarce. We aim to explore the relationship of WBHCQ with CLE disease activity among multi\u2010racial Malaysians and the factors associated with WBHCQ. A cross\u2010sectional study targeting patients with CLE was conducted from 1 June till 30 November 2019. Disease activity was assessed using Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Disease Area and Severity Index \u2013 Activity Score (CLASI\u2010AS). Blood was analyzed for WBHCQ concentration using a high\u2010performance liquid chromatography technique. Statistical analysis was done using R studio version 1.2.1335. A total of 88 subjects (male\u00a0:\u00a0female, 4.5:1) with a median age of 41\u00a0years old were recruited. The median duration CLE was 5\u00a0years. The majority had acute cutaneous lupus (n\u00a0=\u00a045, 51.1%). The median WBHCQ was 946.8\u00a0ng\/mL. Indians were found to have the highest WBHCQ (median\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0interquartile range [IQR], 1515.4\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01494.8\u00a0ng\/mL). Males had a lower WBHCQ (median\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0IQR, 733.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0573.8\u00a0ng\/mL) than females (995.5\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0925.1\u00a0ng\/mL). However, no statistically significant association between race and sex with WBHCQ was demonstrable (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.247, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.066). No correlation was demonstrated between WBHCQ and CLASI\u2010AS (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.02, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.851). A positive correlation was found between HCQ dosage (ideal bodyweight) and WBHCQ (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.24, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.027). No other factors were found associated with WBHCQ. Indians and females were observed to have higher WBCHQ; however, no significant correlation was identified. Further study is required to confirm the finding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T08:13:58Z","timestamp":1643012038000},"page":"545-549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Correlation of whole blood hydroxychloroquine concentration with cutaneous lupus erythematosus and factors associated with it: First multicenter, cross\u2010sectional analysis in Malaysia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Peh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia  Serdang Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. S. L.","family":"Wan Ahmad Kammal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia  Serdang Selangor Malaysia"},{"name":"Hospital Pengajar Universiti Putra Malaysia  Serdang Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. J.","family":"Beh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy MAHSA University  Bandar Saujana Putra Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. C. H.","family":"Yong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy MAHSA University  Bandar Saujana Putra Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. C.","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Hospital Pulau Pinang  George Town Pulau Pinang Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. L.","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit Department of Medicine Hospital Pulau Pinang  George Town Pulau Pinang Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Thevarajah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Hospital Kuala Lumpur  Kuala Lumpur Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Stanslas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacotherapeutic Unit Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia  Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8032-9804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kang Nien","family":"How","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia  Serdang Selangor Malaysia"},{"name":"Hospital Pengajar Universiti Putra Malaysia  Serdang Selangor Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2016.01.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-012-0656-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.2558"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.09.064"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2010.435"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(00)82024-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","unstructured":"JuanBP StanslasJ YongA.HPLC method development and validation for the determination of hydroxychloroquine in human whole blood. MAHSA University;2020."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2710.2005.00653.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39194"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200241050-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.072587"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2230.2011.04266.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.12.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1993.tb00424.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"2099","article-title":"Time\u2010dependent distribution of hydroxychloroquine in cynomolgus macaques using population pharmacokinetic modelling method","volume":"11","author":"Liu Q","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1346-8138.16292","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1346-8138.16292","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1346-8138.16292","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,25]],"date-time":"2023-08-25T15:12:11Z","timestamp":1692976331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1346-8138.16292"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1346-8138.16292"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1346-8138.16292","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0385-2407","1346-8138"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0385-2407"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1346-8138"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2021-08-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-12-14","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-01-24","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}