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Previous studies have highlighted the upregulation of a variety of chemokines in the skin lesions of both rosacea patient and rosacea\u2010like mouse model. However, the serum levels of these chemokines and their clinical significance have not been explored before. In this study, we aimed at examining the serum levels of a series of chemokines (including CCL2, CCL3, CCL20, CXCL1, CXCL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL12) implicated in rosacea and their correlation with disease severity. Bio\u2010Plex Pro Human Chemokine Assays were used to measure the serum levels of these chemokines. Investigator\u2019s Global Assessment (IGA) was applied for assessing the papules\/pustules of rosacea patients, while persistent erythema was evaluated by the Clinician\u2019s Erythema Assessment (CEA). Our results revealed that the serum concentration of CCL3, CXCL8, CXCL9, and CXCL10 were markedly elevated in rosacea patients compared to healthy controls. Among them, the levels of CCL3, CXCL8, and CXCL9 were positively correlated with the IGA score, while serum CXCL9 and CXCL10 were positively related with the CEA score of rosacea patients. What\u2019s more, the expression of the corresponding receptors of CCL3 (Ccr1), CXCL8 (Cxcr1 and Cxcr2), CXCL9, and CXCL10 (Cxcr3) were all significantly increased in the skin lesions of rosacea\u2010like mouse model with CXCR2 and CXCR3 highly expressed in rosacea patient skins. Our results indicated that CCL3, CXCL8, CXCL9, and CXCL10 might potentially serve as serum indicators for rosacea and could assist the severity evaluation of disease. Findings in this study would also potentially help to develop new targeted therapies for rosacea in future. \u00a9 2022 Japanese Dermatological Association<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,2]],"date-time":"2022-03-02T06:49:17Z","timestamp":1646203757000},"page":"525-533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Increased serum levels of <scp>CCL3<\/scp>, <scp>CXCL8<\/scp>, <scp>CXCL9<\/scp>, and <scp>CXCL10<\/scp> in rosacea patients and their correlation with disease severity"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Tangxiele","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Xiangya Hospital of Central South University  Changsha China"},{"name":"Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology Xiangya Hospital of Central South University  Changsha China"},{"name":"National Clinical Research Center for 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