{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T21:57:34Z","timestamp":1791669454439,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Facial pigmented spots are one of the phenotypes of skin aging, but no quantitative analysis of spot features such as color intensity, size, anatomical position, and number on the cheek has yet been performed. In the current study, we conducted an epidemiological survey of 454 Japanese women in their 20s to 70s and analyzed age\u2010related changes and site differences of facial pigmented spots. Using image analysis of high\u2010resolution digital facial photographs, 4912 individual pigmented spots were quantified according to color, size, anatomical position, and total number on the cheek. As a result of color analysis, the color intensity of individual pigmented spots increased with aging, significantly so between ages 30s and 50s. The age\u2010related increase in melanin index of facial spots was confirmed in all sites but did not significantly differ between facial subregions. Regarding the size of pigmented spots, the frequency of large spots increased with age, and large spots were detected in all facial sites. The total number of pigmented spots on the entire cheek increased with aging, significantly so between the 20s and 40s. The number of pigmented spots tended to increase from the region near the canthi to the lower cheeks. The number of spots was markedly increased in the buccal regions compared with the infraorbital and zygomatic regions. The data and methodology presented in the current study can link the state of facial pigmentation with the various factors involved in the histological development of pigmented spots, opening new possibilities in the fields of skin pharmacology and dermatology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16561","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]],"date-time":"2022-09-02T09:48:53Z","timestamp":1662112133000},"page":"1245-1254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Epidemiological survey of the quantity and anatomical position of facial pigmented spots in relation to age in 454 Japanese women"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7365-3243","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kumiko","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiseido Co., Ltd., MIRAI Technology Institute  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5318-6617","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masako","family":"Katsuyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiseido Co., Ltd., MIRAI Technology Institute  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8251-0722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Yoshikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiseido Co., Ltd., MIRAI Technology Institute  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nozomu","family":"Wakeshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shiseido Co., Ltd., MIRAI Technology Institute  Yokohama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Iizuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Psoriasis Kojinkai Association of Medical Corporation  Sapporo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.138.11.1454"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2008.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000322623"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0625.2005.00377.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1992.01680130061006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1994.tb02895.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000211297"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2004.00204.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2009.00359.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSAA.16.002169"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","unstructured":"DemirliR OttoP ViswanathanR PatwardhanS LarkeyJ.RBX\u00ae technology overview. Canfield Systems White Paper;2007."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.33.002263"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12264"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/col.22469"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12616156"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","unstructured":"RomanoJ KromreyJD CoraggioJ SkowronekJ.Appropriate statistics for ordinal level data: should we really be using t\u2010test and Cohen's d for evaluating group differences on the NSSE and other surveys? In annual meeting of the Florida Association of Institutional Research;2006:13."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23961.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19092668"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2009.00416.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0846.2010.00434.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/col.22153"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0749.2004.00131.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2005.06996.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2012.04685.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-5-3-138"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1961.01580080114013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.1962.136"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.24327"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-012-1232-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.10.022"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2015.62"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-27145-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2020.08.007"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1346-8138.16561","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1346-8138.16561","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1346-8138.16561","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,20]],"date-time":"2023-08-20T01:09:17Z","timestamp":1692493757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1346-8138.16561"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1346-8138.16561"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1346-8138.16561","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0385-2407","1346-8138"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0385-2407","type":"print"},{"value":"1346-8138","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2022-05-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-08-10","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2022-09-02","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}