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Interleukin\u201011 (IL\u201011) is a recently described profibrotic cytokine that can mediate fibrosis in the heart, lungs, and skin and is upregulated by transforming Growth Factor\u2010\u03b2 (TGF\u2010\u03b21). The objective of this study was to quantify the serum levels of IL\u201011 in early diffuse SSc patients. Also, if IL\u201011 could regulate the alarmin IL\u201033 in dermal fibroblasts was quantified. Early diffuse SSc patient sera was isolated and IL\u201011 was quantified by specific commercial ELISA compared to healthy control (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200917). Healthy dermal fibroblasts were cultured in vitro and then serum starved and incubated with or without recombinant IL\u201011. At specific early and late time points the supernatant was quantified for the alarmin IL\u201033 by specific ELISA. In early diffuse SSc patients it was demonstrated that they have elevated IL\u201011 in their sera. In a subgroup of SSc patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) this elevation was particularly pronounced compared to those devoid of fibrotic lung disease. In vitro incubation of healthy dermal fibroblasts led to a significant induction of IL\u201033 cytokine release into the cell media. IL\u201011 is a profibrotic cytokine that is elevated in early diffuse SSc and is particularly elevated in those with ILD. This suggests that IL\u201011 could be a possible biomarker of ILD in SSc. It was also found that IL\u201011 led to release of the cytokine alarmin IL\u201033 in fibroblasts at earlier time points but not late time points, suggesting early stimulation elicits an inflammatory response in the local microenvironment but prolonged stimulation leads to fibrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16854","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,9]],"date-time":"2023-06-09T04:58:48Z","timestamp":1686286728000},"page":"1255-1261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Elevated interleukin\u201011 in systemic sclerosis and role in disease pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Thomas","family":"Steadman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosciences Durham University  Durham 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