{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T18:11:01Z","timestamp":1789582261501,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alopecia area (AA) is a common autoimmune disorder, characterized by hair loss. Although its impact on quality of life is fairly well understood, studies on the economic impact of AA are limited. The aim of this study was to quantify the personal and nationwide economic burden of AA in Japan. Data were drawn from the Adelphi AA Disease Specific Programme (DSP)\u2122, a real\u2010world, cross\u2010sectional survey with retrospective data collection, of Japanese physicians and patients with AA. The study was conducted in 2021, before the approval of Janus kinase inhibitors for AA. Physicians and their consulting AA patients completed questionnaires regarding disease severity, treatment, and AA\u2010related costs. The Work Productivity and Activity Impairment questionnaire was used to evaluate the impact of AA on patients' work and activity. Nationwide estimates of cost and productivity loss were extrapolated from collected patient data. A total of 50 physicians provided data on 235 patients; 58.7% were female, mean \u00b1 SD age was 41.1\u2009\u00b1\u200911.8\u2009years, and mean physician\u2010estimated scalp hair loss was 40.4%\u2009\u00b1\u200930.2%. Prescription medication use was high (92.3% of patients), but the use of over\u2010the\u2010counter medication was low, at 8.7%. Mean cost to patients for medication was \u00a5 4263 (US$ 32.42) per month. Productivity while at work (presenteeism) was significantly impaired (23.9%\u2009\u00b1\u200925.7%), but absenteeism was low (0.9%\u2009\u00b1\u20092.8%). The total nationwide cost of AA was estimated at 112.7 billion yen (US$ 857 million), of which 88.1 billion yen (78.2%) was due to productivity loss. Over 2\u2009million days per year of activity time were estimated to be lost due to AA. Thus, despite not being a physically limiting disease, AA has a significant impact in terms of cost and time, both on a personal and national level. These data highlight the need for more targeted interventions to reduce the effects of AA on the Japanese economy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,12]],"date-time":"2023-07-12T08:39:35Z","timestamp":1689151175000},"page":"1246-1254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Economic burden of alopecia areata: A study of direct and indirect cost in Japan using real\u2010world data"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2662-5717","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manabu","family":"Ohyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7220-5142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazumasa","family":"Kamei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Japan Inc.  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