{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T03:06:30Z","timestamp":1777086390068,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722816000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009158","name":"Kawasaki Medical School","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R05B\u2010048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R05B\u2010048"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009158","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Deep\u2010seated dermatomycosis is a rare disease that is often caused by trauma and\/or systemic immunodeficiency. We describe a case of chromoblastomycosis complicated by hyalohyphomycosis that occurred simultaneously at different sites. A 92\u2010year\u2010old Japanese man who had been taking oral prednisolone for an IgG4\u2010related respiratory disease visited our clinic. He developed brownish plaques with grayish\u2010white scales with pseudo\u2010carcinomatous hyperplasia and numerous brownish muriform cells developing in the dermis of his right hand, and multiple painful abscesses with pustules and papules and numerous hyphae within and around the histiocytes in the dermis of his right lower leg. Upon skin tissue culture and DNA sequencing, <jats:italic>Exophiala xenobiotica<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Scedosporium apiospermum<\/jats:italic> were detected separately. He had severe cellular immunodeficiency indicated by low levels in the phytohemagglutinin (PHA)\u2010stimulated lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) and serum interferon\u2010gamma (IFN\u2010\u03b3), although his humoral immunity was normal. The patient died of bacterial pneumonia, despite antifungal drug treatment for 2\u2009months. IFN\u2010\u03b3 producing type 1 T helper (Th1) cells play an important role in the defense against fungal infections, however, corticosteroids specifically suppress Th1 cell responses and promote the induction of fungal infection. Measurement of PHA\u2010stimulated LTT and serum IFN\u2010\u03b3 may be useful in determining the severity and prognosis of deep\u2010seated dermatomycosis in patients undergoing corticosteroid treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.17412","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]],"date-time":"2024-08-05T10:24:03Z","timestamp":1722853443000},"page":"1716-1720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Simultaneous distinct cutaneous fungal infections with chromoblastomycosis due to <i>Exophiala xenobiotica<\/i> and hyalohyphomycosis due to <i>Scedosporium apiospermum<\/i> in a patient with severe cellular immunodeficiency"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Fumika","family":"Minakawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kawasaki Medical School  Kurashiki Japan"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7154-7033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takenobu","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kawasaki Medical School  Kurashiki Japan"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3701-5575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yumi","family":"Aoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kawasaki Medical School  Kurashiki Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15618"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12515"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00032-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12465"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqab070"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2006.01846.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13693780902738006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14904-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-00464-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9742832"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2021.113036"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.1992.tb05847.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof5040116"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1346-8138.17412","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,7]],"date-time":"2024-12-07T03:49:44Z","timestamp":1733543384000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1346-8138.17412"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1346-8138.17412"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1346-8138.17412","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0385-2407","1346-8138"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0385-2407","type":"print"},{"value":"1346-8138","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-03-15","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-07-20","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-08-05","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}