{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T18:03:12Z","timestamp":1775671392323,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010814","name":"Anhui Provincial Department of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010814","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Primary cutaneous amyloidosis (PCA) is a chronic pruritic skin disease. The apple\u2010green birefringence of Congo red\u2010stained amyloid under a polarized light microscope (CR\u2010PLM) remains the gold standard in the diagnosis of PCA. However, there are some limitations to this approach. In this study, eighty\u2010two paraffin\u2010embedded biopsy skin samples were collected from patients with a clinical diagnosis of PCA. The sections were respectively stained with hematoxylin\u2013eosin (HE), crystal violet (CV), and Congo red (CR) and observed under a light microscope. CR\u2010stained sections were also observed under a polarized light microscope (CR\u2010PLM) or an ultraviolet (UV)\u2010emitted fluorescence microscope (CR\u2010UFM). Further, 35 cases clinically diagnosed with psoriasis, lichen planus, and prurigo nodularis were selected as the negative control group. The positive rate of amyloid protein detected by CR\u2010UFM (81.71%) was significantly higher than that detected by CR\u2010PLM (70.73%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004), CR staining (56.10%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), CV staining (30.49%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), or HE staining (28.05%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In the control group, 34 (97.14%) cases were negative for amyloid deposits in CR staining, CR\u2010PLM, and CR\u2010UFM sections. The relative number of positive dermal papillae observed by CR\u2010UFM (0.35\u2009\u00b1\u20090.27) was much more than that observed by CR\u2010PLM (0.15\u2009\u00b1\u20090.17, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), CR staining (0.12\u2009\u00b1\u20090.16, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), CV staining (0.07\u2009\u00b1\u20090.12, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001), or HE staining (0.05\u2009\u00b1\u20090.12, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). The intensity of fluorescence by CR\u2010UFM was significantly greater than that of the appl\u2010green birefringence by CR\u2010PLM (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Moreover, the amyloid was easily distinguished from the surrounding tissues using the CR\u2010UFM method. In conclusion, the CR\u2010UFM method was superior to CR\u2010PLM, CR staining, CV staining, and HE staining in diagnosing PCA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.17562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T08:17:42Z","timestamp":1733991462000},"page":"281-290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The evaluation of Congo red staining combined with fluorescence microscopy in the diagnosis of primary cutaneous amyloidosis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Hanqing","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University  Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Institute of Dermatology Anhui Medical University  Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education  Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Collaborative 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Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education  Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Complex and Severe Skin Disease Anhui Medical University  Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University  Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Institute of Dermatology Anhui Medical University  Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education  Hefei Anhui China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Complex and Severe Skin Disease Anhui Medical University  Hefei Anhui China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ze","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University  Hefei Anhui 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