{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T13:50:26Z","timestamp":1776779426708,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,29]],"date-time":"2025-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743206400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The concept of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) has recently been applied to patients with non\u2010HIV infection with immune fluctuations. However, quantitative criteria to diagnose non\u2010HIV IRIS have not been established. Similarly, immune\u2010related adverse events (irAEs) caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are also caused by immune fluctuations. No study has directly compared the immunological indicators of non\u2010HIV IRIS and irAEs. Thus, we investigated whether irAEs can be included in non\u2010HIV IRIS. We aimed to search for diagnostic biomarkers for non\u2010HIV IRIS and to compare the immunopathogenesis of non\u2010HIV IRIS and irAEs based on immunological indicators. We selected drug\u2010induced hypersensitivity syndrome\/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DIHS\/DRESS) and dipeptidyl peptidase\u20104 inhibitor\u2010associated bullous pemphigoid (DPP4i\u2010BP) as underlying diseases of non\u2010HIV IRIS. Blood cell counts, cytokines or chemokines, and herpesvirus\u2010derived DNA in saliva were quantified and compared between IRIS\/irAE\u2010positive and \u2010negative as well as non\u2010HIV IRIS and irAEs groups. The DPP4i\u2010BP group had a shorter incubation time to IRIS onset than the DIHS\/DRESS group; the irAE group had a longer incubation time than the DIHS\/DRESS group. A higher neutrophil\u2010to\u2010lymphocyte ratio and serum interferon gamma inducible protein 10 levels could be potential biomarkers of IRIS and irAEs onset; however, no useful cut\u2010off values for diagnosis were indicated. Meanwhile, the transition of \u00a0regulatory T cells (Tregs) from the baseline to the onset of IRIS or irAEs differed between IRIS in DIHS\/DRESS and irAEs. Only the DIHS\/DRESS group showed an increase of Epstein\u2010Bar virus (EBV) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) and human herpesvirus 6 (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) positivity in saliva at the onset of IRIS compared to that at baseline. Although non\u2010HIV IRIS and irAEs have a small number of common immunological indicators, the dynamics of Tregs, cytokines, or chemokines and positivity of herpesvirus\u2010derived DNA in saliva differ, suggesting that non\u2010HIV IRIS and irAEs should remain as separate entities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.17706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T04:11:29Z","timestamp":1743394289000},"page":"1015-1030","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparing immunopathogenesis of non\u2010human immunodeficiency virus immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome and immune\u2010related adverse events: A prospective multicenter cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5691-7211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hirohiko","family":"Sueki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Showa University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8041-3750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seiko","family":"Sugiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kawasaki Medical School  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3701-5575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yumi","family":"Aoyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kawasaki Medical School  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7154-7033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takenobu","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kawasaki Medical School  Okayama Japan"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9367-5167","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hideaki","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Showa University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1989-9824","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoko","family":"Inomata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Showa University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yutaro","family":"Kubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine Showa University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Horiike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine Showa University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takuya","family":"Tsunoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine Showa University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0598-856X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuko","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Immuno\u2010Dermatology Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0297-6627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yukie","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Immuno\u2010Dermatology Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine  Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshiko","family":"Mizukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1110-9533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yukihiko","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2643-7062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natsumi","family":"Hama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Niigata 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