{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T16:16:22Z","timestamp":1791994582221,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764028800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005089","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7232118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7232118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005089","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Autoantibodies are key pathogenic factors involved in the development of pemphigus vulgaris (PV). Recent advances in research have shed light on PV pathogenesis and may ultimately facilitate its tailored treatment. This review synthesizes evidence on the pathogenesis of PV, mainly from the past 5\u2009years. The key mechanisms involved in PV development can be categorized into three major aspects. First, components that facilitate B cell differentiation and autoantibody production play a critical role. Second, the pathogenic effects of autoantibodies are mediated through direct damage or activation of signaling pathways, including Ca\n                    <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                    influx, the JAK\/STAT pathway, the p38MAPK pathway, the EGFR pathway, and apoptosis\u2010related pathways. Notably, targeted treatments towards these mechanisms such as dupilumab also demonstrate promising efficacy. Third, additional contributing factors, including genetic factors, epigenetic factors, changes in protein expression, and microbial dysbiosis, further elucidate the complexity of PV pathogenesis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.70077","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,26]],"date-time":"2025-11-26T07:12:22Z","timestamp":1764141142000},"page":"547-555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Updates in Pathogenesis of Pemphigus Vulgaris"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-7241-8399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liu\u2010Yi\u2010Yi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2526-4331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ya\u2010Gang","family":"Zuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31778-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000530121"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljaf021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01190"},{"issue":"25","key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"2112","article-title":"Efficacy, Safety, and B\u2010Cell Depletion Capacity of 3 Rituximab Dosing Regimens in the Treatment of Moderate\u2010To\u2010Severe Pemphigus Vulgaris and Pemphigus Foliaceus: A 52\u2010Week Clinical Trial","volume":"22","author":"Cao S.","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2024.02.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI138416"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1684\/ejd.2013.2177"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2023.152340"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03387-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01471-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2022.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.ijd_924_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","article-title":"A Snapshot of T Cell Subset Cytokines in Pemphigus Vulgaris: A Cross\u2010Sectional Study","volume":"14","author":"Singh P. K.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.11.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2023.103128"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1511671"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2022.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14854"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000099585"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ced.14309"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2300312"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-090222-102834"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148919"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2020.03.036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.979277"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01653-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12814"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-023-09413-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1203776"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2023.07.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/12034754241266136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-011-9597-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-023-00897-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00032"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2023.03.1661"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2019.07.717"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16363"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.15621"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI166357"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bjd\/ljaf130"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2024.110219"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abd.2021.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0233957"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2022.101687"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.20782"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2015.324"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_49_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"In Desmosomes Direct Inhibition Precedes p38MAPK\u2010Mediated Uncoupling to Reduce Dsg3 Adhesion by Pemphigus Autoantibodies","volume":"1","author":"Fuchs M.","year":"2025","journal-title":"British Journal of Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15419061.2013.855204"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2024.03.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11060942"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2020.02.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.581370"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.20091"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.884248"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2022.151904"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S407242"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01468-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.70121"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010323"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19239"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.15184"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1563286"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12123058"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JEWD.JEWD_42_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.172874"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2022.07.030"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2021.06.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1497241"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18237"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-025-04207-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08916930600971836"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2024.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.108568"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2009.01.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25168864"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14453"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2024.103307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2471518"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddae090"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_82_1","article-title":"HLA\u2010DRB1 and DQB1 Genetic Susceptibility to Pemphigus Vulgaris and Pemphigus Foliaceus in Vietnamese Patients","volume":"14","author":"Vuong The Bich T.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dermatology Reports"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.170.1.635"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1500284"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1500231"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19679"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/08916934.2012.697593"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_88_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102661"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S535496"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6672693"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/wrr.13018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14511"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.15284"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/5592117"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000001939"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2023.01.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2023.111470"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.15063"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1346-8138.70077","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1346-8138.70077","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1346-8138.70077","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T16:09:38Z","timestamp":1776096578000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1346-8138.70077"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"references-count":97,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1346-8138.70077"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1346-8138.70077","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0385-2407","1346-8138"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0385-2407","type":"print"},{"value":"1346-8138","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-17","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-11-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}