{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T13:53:33Z","timestamp":1791986013732,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771545600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Venous malformations are the most common type of congenital vascular malformations, with an estimated prevalence of 1% in the general population. Pain is one of the most significant clinical manifestations of venous malformations, with more than 50% of patients reporting discomfort, although the underlying pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. Coagulation abnormalities, particularly localized intravascular coagulopathy, have been documented in patients with venous malformations, with elevated D\u2010dimer levels reported in approximately 42%\u201358% of venous malformation patients. This single\u2010center retrospective cohort study included 68 patients with venous malformations who underwent surgical resection between April 2022 and December 2024. Demographic data and preoperative coagulation parameters, including prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, D\u2010dimer level, and fibrinogen level, were collected and analyzed. The most common locations of venous malformations were in the head and neck (47.1%) and extremities (44.1%), and 55.9% of participants reported pain. Pain prevalence was significantly higher in extremity venous malformations (76.5%) compared to non\u2010extremity venous malformations (35.3%) (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In non\u2010extremity venous malformations, D\u2010dimer levels were significantly elevated in the pain\u2010positive group compared to the pain\u2010negative group (3.25\u2009\u00b1\u20094.04\u2009\u03bcg\/mL vs. 0.63\u2009\u00b1\u20090.27\u2009\u03bcg\/mL,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.046), whereas no such correlation was observed in extremity venous malformations or other coagulation parameters. These findings suggest that pain mechanisms differ depending on the anatomical location of the venous malformations. Localized intravascular coagulopathy may play a more significant role in pain generation in non\u2010extremity lesions, while mechanical factors may predominate in extremity lesions. Preoperative D\u2010dimer levels may serve as a biomarker for symptomatic non\u2010extremity venous malformations to guide perioperative management. Further prospective studies with larger sample sizes and comprehensive coagulation profiling are warranted to verify these observations and elucidate the mechanisms underlying the relationship between coagulopathy and pain at different anatomical locations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.70194","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T04:49:05Z","timestamp":1771649345000},"page":"797-801","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["D\u2010Dimer as a Biomarker for Painful Non\u2010Extremity Venous Malformations: A Retrospective Analysis of 68 Surgical Patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3734-2085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makoto","family":"Shiraishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3601-7739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kou","family":"Fujisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2107-6103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuta","family":"Moriwaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Matsubara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mutsumi","family":"Okazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198203000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JOVA.0000000000000113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0945-053X(01)00150-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3400\/avd.AVDsc00207"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sempedsurg.2020.150976"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.21.6.g01nv031519"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.11.7853"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"181","article-title":"Venous Malformation and Localized Intravascular Coagulopathy in Children","volume":"27","author":"Hung J. 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