{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T06:07:31Z","timestamp":1780466851888,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777248000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004484","name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences and Health Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1400\u201003\u2010101\u201055727"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1400\u201003\u2010101\u201055727"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004484","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Rosacea is a chronic skin condition with limited effective and well\u2010tolerated treatment options. This study investigated the efficacy of 0.5% timolol maleate eye drops in treating facial rosacea lesions. A randomized, triple\u2010blind, placebo\u2010controlled clinical trial was conducted at Razi Hospital in Tehran, involving 42 participants diagnosed with erythematotelangiectatic rosacea (ETR). Participants were randomized to receive either 0.5% timolol maleate eye drops or a placebo (distilled water) administered once daily for 4\u2009weeks. The participants were evaluated in three visits (at baseline, after 4\u2009weeks of treatment, and 4\u2009weeks after stopping treatment) using a Mexameter MX18 device (for lightness and erythema), Clinician Erythema Assessment Scale (CEA), Global Flushing Severity Score (GFSS), Patient Self\u2010Assessment (PSA), and Visioface device (for \u0394L and \u0394E criteria). The primary outcome was the change in erythema severity, assessed by the Mexameter MX18 device. The timolol group significantly reduced Erythema Index (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009\u2009&lt;\u2009\u20090.001) and other secondary outcomes, including CEA, PSA, and GFSS. No significant adverse effects were reported. In addition, MANOVA revealed a significant time\u2009\u00d7\u2009group interaction across outcomes, indicating that the pattern of changes over time was significantly different between the intervention and placebo groups. This study provides preliminary evidence that 0.5% timolol eye drops could be an effective and well\u2010tolerated treatment for facial rosacea. However, the small sample size and short follow\u2010up duration limited our results.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.70249","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T12:31:27Z","timestamp":1777293087000},"page":"880-887","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of 0.5% Timolol Maleate Eye Drops for the Treatment of Facial Rosacea: A Randomized, Triple\u2010Blind, Placebo\u2010Controlled Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Ali","family":"Moradi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6790-7633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Safoura","family":"Shakoei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7031-7674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahin","family":"Hamzelou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Nasimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taha","family":"Shahbazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azin","family":"Ayatollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS)  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19381980.2017.1361574"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13143"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2010.03751.x"},{"issue":"656","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","first-page":"650","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Once\u2010Daily Topical Brimonidine Tartrate Gel 0.5% for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Facial Erythema of Rosacea: Results of Two Randomized, Double\u2010Blind, and Vehicle\u2010Controlled Pivotal Studies","volume":"12","author":"Zirwas M.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Drugs in Dermatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Optimizing the Use of Topical Brimonidine in Rosacea Management: Panel Recommendations","volume":"14","author":"Tanghetti E. A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Drugs in Dermatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","first-page":"56","article-title":"Long\u2010Term Safety and Efficacy of Once\u2010Daily Topical Brimonidine Tartrate Gel 0.5% for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Facial Erythema of Rosacea: Results of a 1\u2010Year Open\u2010Label Study","volume":"13","author":"Moore A.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Drugs in Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.01.077"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2006.02.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1470.2011.01664.x"},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"277","article-title":"Consensus Recommendations From the American Acne & Rosacea Society on the Management of Rosacea, Part 2: A Status Report on Topical Agents","volume":"92","author":"Del Rosso J. Q.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cutis"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2011.10716.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S58920"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14347"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"22","article-title":"Efficacy of Topical Timolol 0.5% in the Treatment of Acne and Rosacea: A Multicentric Study","volume":"13","author":"Al Mokadem S. M.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-018-0249-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14816"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ddg.14247"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.01.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2018.12.001"}],"container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1346-8138.70249","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/1346-8138.70249","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1346-8138.70249","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T05:30:47Z","timestamp":1780464647000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1346-8138.70249"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1346-8138.70249"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1346-8138.70249","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0385-2407","1346-8138"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0385-2407","type":"print"},{"value":"1346-8138","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-06-12","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-03-11","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}