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The initial guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of vitiligo in Japan were published in Japanese in 2012 and in English in 2013 to provide clinical evidence for vitiligo management. Since then, there has been a substantial accumulation of pathological research and therapeutic evidence. The second guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of vitiligo in Japan (2025) are presented as an updated resource for clinicians, incorporating worldwide expert recommendations and recent advances in basic and clinical research. 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