{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T07:56:19Z","timestamp":1791446179328,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJPR22R4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJPR22R4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Antimicrobial use among children in Japan has declined substantially; however, tetracycline use has increased among adolescents, particularly after 2017 and during the COVID\u201019 period, and the underlying clinical indications remain unclear. We aimed to characterize long\u2010term trends in oral tetracycline use, changes in clinical indications, and treatment patterns among individuals aged &lt;\u200920\u2009years in Japan. We conducted a time\u2010series analysis using a nationwide administrative claims database of Japan Health Insurance Association from 2015 to 2023, including 24 million individuals aged &lt;\u200920\u2009years. Oral tetracycline use was measured as days of therapy (DOTs) per 1000 inhabitants per day, and clinical indications were identified using ICD\u201010 codes. We assessed trends in tetracycline use and indications over time and described treatment patterns, including concomitant therapies, among patients with acne vulgaris. Oral tetracycline use increased from 0.95 to 1.76 DOTs per 1000 inhabitants per day between 2015 and 2023, primarily driven by doxycycline, with a marked rise after 2020 and highest use among adolescents. The clinical indications shifted substantially, with the proportion of acne vulgaris increasing from 34.1% to 73.6% while respiratory infections decreased, and the mean treatment duration for acne was 37.9\u2009days. Among patients with acne, concomitant use of adapalene\u2010 and benzoyl peroxide\u2013based therapies was limited, whereas topical antibiotics were commonly used. Oral tetracycline use among individuals aged &lt;\u200920\u2009years in Japan increased substantially, with a marked shift in clinical indications toward acne vulgaris. These findings provide a basis for further evaluation of acne treatment patterns, including the use of oral tetracyclines and non\u2010antibiotic topical therapies, in Japan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.70404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,16]],"date-time":"2026-07-16T04:57:43Z","timestamp":1784177863000},"page":"1491-1497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Oral Tetracycline Use in Children and Adolescents in Japan: Trends, Indications, and Treatment Patterns"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1169-2893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yusuke","family":"Okubo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine National Center for Child Health and Development  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0168-5641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Uda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Regional Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Science Okayama University  Okayama Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5471-7363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noriko","family":"Iwamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Japan Institute for Health Security  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3886-9089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isao","family":"Miyairi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Hamamatsu University School of Medicine  Shizuoka Japan"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Biochemistry University of Tennessee Health Science Center  Tennessee 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and Safety of Subantimicrobial Dose, Modified\u2010Release Doxycycline 40\u2009mg Versus Doxycycline 100\u2009mg Versus Placebo for the Treatment of Inflammatory Lesions in Moderate and Severe Acne: A Randomized, Double\u2010Blinded, Controlled Study","volume":"14","author":"Moore A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Drugs in Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1702493"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2015.12.037"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence \u201cAcne Vulgaris: Management \u201d(2021) 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