{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T07:56:21Z","timestamp":1791446181988,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784678400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022R1A2C101043711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A2C101043711"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS\u20102025\u201000559766"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS\u20102025\u201000559766"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Although population\u2010based studies have reported an increased risk of bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus associated with dipeptidyl peptidase\u20104 (DPP\u20104) inhibitors, there is limited, well\u2010designed epidemiological evidence for pemphigus vulgaris (PV), which has only been supported by case reports thus far. This study aimed to assess whether DPP\u20104 inhibitor use in type 2 diabetes patients is associated with PV and pemphigus foliaceus (PF) development. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Korean National Health Insurance databases. The study included 1\u2009228\u2009526 patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes over a period of 11\u2009years. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using an extended Cox proportional hazards model, target trial approach with clone\u2010censor\u2010weight (CCW) method, and inverse\u2010probability\u2010of\u2010treatment weighting (IPTW) analysis. We found that DPP\u20104 inhibitor use was associated with increased PV risk (HR: 3.22, 95% CI: 1.03\u201310.04 [Cox]; HR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.04\u20134.84 [IPTW]; HR: 1.69, 95% CI: 0.63\u20134.51 [CCW]). The association was not observed with PF risk (HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.25\u20133.14 [Cox]; HR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.39\u20132.42 [CCW]; and HR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.23\u20131.41 [IPTW]). These findings suggest that DPP\u20104 inhibitors may not only induce bullous pemphigoid, but also severe autoimmune blistering diseases such as pemphigus vulgaris. Clinicians should recognize the possibility of such severe adverse effects when evaluating new\u2010onset bullous lesions in patients taking DPP\u20104 inhibitors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.70419","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T04:43:43Z","timestamp":1784781823000},"page":"1429-1438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Dipeptidyl Peptidase\u20104 Inhibitor Use and Risk of Pemphigus Vulgaris and Foliaceus: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using Databases of the Korea National Health Insurance Claims and the National Health Screening Examination"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"53","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7372-4558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaein","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Program of Medical Informatics Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Doctors Dermatology Clinic  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1384-6123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae Hyun","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University Hospital  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4684-4917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seokyung","family":"Hahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Systems Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Medical Bigdata Research Center, Medical Research Center Seoul National University  Seoul South Korea"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy and Management, Medical Research Center Seoul National University  Seoul 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