{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T01:39:54Z","timestamp":1792633194979,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006680","name":"Takeda Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006680","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K07883"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K07883"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Dermatology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>IgA vasculitis (IgAV), formerly known as Henoch\u2010Sch\u00f6nlein purpura, is a small\u2010vessel vasculitis characterized by IgA\u2010dominant immune deposits in the skin, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, and joints, often following infections, particularly \u03b2\u2010hemolytic streptococci. Nephritis\u2010associated plasmin receptor (NAPlr), a streptococcal glyceraldehyde\u20103\u2010phosphate dehydrogenase, has been identified as a nephritogenic protein in post\u2010streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis, binding plasmin and maintaining its proteolytic activity, thereby promoting tissue injury. However, the role of NAPlr in IgAV pathophysiology remains unclear. In this study, we investigated histological staining for NAPlr and plasmin activity in IgAV cutaneous lesions and evaluated circulating anti\u2010NAPlr antibodies. Skin specimens from patients with IgAV were analyzed by immunofluorescence and in\u00a0situ zymography, and serum anti\u2010NAPlr antibodies (IgG, IgM, and IgA) were measured by enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay in 21 patients with IgAV and 18 healthy donors. Positive staining for NAPlr and plasmin activity was observed in dermal lesions in 7 of 11 patients with IgAV, but was minimal in control skin. Patients with IgAV showed significantly elevated serum levels of anti\u2010NAPlr IgG and IgA antibodies compared with healthy donors. Anti\u2010NAPlr IgG levels positively correlated with serum creatinine and negatively correlated with CH50, with a nonsignificant inverse association with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Serum galactose\u2010deficient IgA1 levels were also significantly increased in patients with IgAV, and were positively correlated with anti\u2010NAPlr IgA levels but negatively correlated with C4. These findings demonstrate the presence of a protein that is stained by anti\u2010NAPlr antibody in IgAV cutaneous lesions alongside elevated circulating anti\u2010NAPlr antibodies, suggesting that immune responses to NAPlr may contribute to IgA\u2010mediated vascular inflammation, potentially through complement activation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.70548","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T01:11:07Z","timestamp":1792631467000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Immune Responses Associated With Nephritis\u2010Associated Plasmin Receptor in\n                    <scp>IgA<\/scp>\n                    Vasculitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","author":[{"given":"Suguru","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Department of Dermatology Tokyo Women's Medical University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryujin","family":"Miyata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Department of Dermatology Tokyo Women's Medical University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamaki","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St. Marianna University School of Medicine  Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshishige","family":"Miyabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology and Parasitology St. Marianna University School of Medicine  Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6131-7752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Oda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, Kidney Disease Center Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0775-0181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuo","family":"Yudoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Frontier Medicine, Institute of Medical Science St. Marianna University School of Medicine  Kawasaki Japan"},{"name":"Unit for Bioimaging, Institute of Medical Science St. Marianna University School of Medicine  Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoko","family":"Ishiguro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Department of Dermatology Tokyo Women's Medical University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2611-6127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun","family":"Yamagami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Department of Dermatology Tokyo Women's Medical University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3051-4179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chie","family":"Miyabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Dermatology, Department of Dermatology Tokyo Women's Medical University  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Frontier Medicine, Institute of Medical Science St. Marianna University School of Medicine  Kawasaki Japan"},{"name":"Unit for Bioimaging, Institute of Medical Science St. Marianna University School of Medicine  Kawasaki Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/art.37715","article-title":"2012 Revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides","volume":"65","author":"Jennette J. C.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis and Rheumatism"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","article-title":"The Role of Nephritis\u2010Associated Plasmin Receptor (NAPlr) in Glomerulonephritis Associated With Streptococcal Infection","volume":"2012","author":"Oda T.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000130624.94920.6B","article-title":"Nephritis\u2010Associated Plasmin Receptor and Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis: Characterization of the Antigen and Associated Immune Response","volume":"15","author":"Yoshizawa N.","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.16574","article-title":"Nephritis\u2010Associated Plasmin Receptor in the Cutaneous Vessels in IgA Vasculitis","volume":"50","author":"Miyabe C.","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Dermatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.10.019","article-title":"IgA Nephropathy and IgA Vasculitis With Nephritis Have a Shared Feature Involving Galactose\u2010Deficient IgA1\u2010Oriented Pathogenesis","volume":"93","author":"Suzuki H.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney International"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.116657","article-title":"EULAR\/PRINTO\/PRES Criteria for Henoch\u2010Sch\u00f6nlein Purpura, Childhood Polyarteritis Nodosa, Childhood Wegener Granulomatosis and Childhood Takayasu Arteritis: Ankara 2008. Part II: Final Classification Criteria","volume":"69","author":"Ozen S.","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2004040341","article-title":"Glomerular Plasmin\u2010Like Activity in Relation to Nephritis\u2010Associated Plasmin Receptor in Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis","volume":"16","author":"Oda T.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society of Nephrology"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2000.0990","article-title":"The Potential Role for Nephritis\u2010Associated Plasmin Receptor in Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis","volume":"21","author":"Yamakami K.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-021-01182-6","article-title":"Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects of Immunoglobulin A Vasculitis in Childhood: A Retrospective Cohort Study","volume":"47","author":"Breda L.","year":"2021","journal-title":"Italian Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.07.004","article-title":"Association of the Infectious Triggers With Childhood Henoch\u2010Schonlein Purpura in Anhui Province, China","volume":"13","author":"Wang J. J.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Infection and Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-017-3597-4","article-title":"Vasculitis Update: Pathogenesis and Biomarkers","volume":"33","author":"Brogan P.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatric Nephrology"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21072595","article-title":"Glomerular Deposition of Nephritis\u2010Associated Plasmin Receptor (NAPlr) and Related Plasmin Activity: Key Diagnostic Biomarkers of Bacterial Infection\u2010Related Glomerulonephritis","volume":"21","author":"Uchida T.","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular Sciences"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167346","article-title":"Risk Factors Associated With Renal Involvement in Childhood Henoch\u2010Sch\u00f6nlein Purpura: A Meta\u2010Analysis","volume":"11","author":"Chan H.","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6199","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.10.6199-6209.2005","article-title":"Cholesterol\u2010Dependent Cytolysins, a Family of Versatile Pore\u2010Forming Toxins","volume":"73","author":"Tweten R. 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