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Hence, a simple and efficacious serodiagnostic assay for large scale surveillance of endemic populations is required. In the present study, a field\u2010usable, qualitative ELISA was developed for serodiagnosis of human anthrax. Results are assessed on a visual basis and no sophisticated instruments are required. Anti\u2010protective antigen (PA) IgG was determined by visual examination of ELISA results of 225 human serum samples (160 from healthy humans, 5 from PA vaccinated individuals and 60 from confirmed anthrax cases). Comparison of the ELISA results with the results obtained from optical density values showed compatible sensitivity and specificity. Assay sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were found to be 100%. The developed assay could be a very useful tool for serological diagnosis of anthrax infection in humans.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,18]],"date-time":"2012-12-18T19:20:38Z","timestamp":1355858438000},"page":"145-149","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A field usable qualitative anti\u2010protective antigen enzyme\u2010linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of human anthrax"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Neha","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Division Defense Research and Development Establishment Gwalior 474\u2009002 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Indu","family":"Tomar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Division Defense Research and Development Establishment Gwalior 474\u2009002 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ajay Kumar","family":"Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biotechnology Division Defense Research and Development Establishment Gwalior 474\u2009002 India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.48"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1258\/td.2012.110454"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"599","article-title":"Characteristics of cutaneous anthrax in Turkey","volume":"3","author":"Baykam N.","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Inf Dev Countr"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-0218.62573"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"240","article-title":"Human anthrax in India: urgent need for effective prevention","volume":"32","author":"Kumar A.","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Commun Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.19.111301.140655"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.1999.00881.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1462-5822.2003.00253.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20061891"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.4.1853-1859.1999","article-title":"Oligomerization of anthrax toxin protective antigen and binding of lethal factor during endocytic uptake into mammalian cells","volume":"67","author":"Singh Y.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00792-06"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(01)00234-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0810.020380"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00154-12"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2011.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","volume-title":"Maxey\u2010Rosenau\u2010Last Public Health and Preventive Medicine","author":"Wallace R.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0b013e3181c202fa"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01591362"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/423937"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00324-08"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0810.020353"}],"container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2F1348-0421.12014","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/1348-0421.12014","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T04:31:30Z","timestamp":1698640290000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/1348-0421.12014"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/1348-0421.12014"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1348-0421.12014","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0385-5600","1348-0421"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0385-5600","type":"print"},{"value":"1348-0421","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]}}}