{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,28]],"date-time":"2025-10-28T18:27:50Z","timestamp":1761676070108},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,16]],"date-time":"2013-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371340800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label \/><jats:p>Although <jats:italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/jats:italic> (Hp) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis and gastric ulcer, little is known about the probable mechanisms of these types of gastrointestinal damage. To determine the precise mechanisms involved in ulcer formation, immune responses in patients with gastric ulcer (GUP) caused by Hp infection (Hp<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) were compared with those of other gastritis patients (GP). The sensitivity and proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) obtained from patients were evaluated by 3\u2010(4,5\u2010dimethylthiazol\u20102\u2010yl)\u20102,5\u2010diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against exposure with complex Hp crude antigen (HPCA) and mitogen (phytohemagglutinin, PHA). Production of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)\u20101\u03b2 and IL\u20108, in serum and supernatants of PBMNCs were then measured by ELISA. It was found that, after stimulation with PHA, both IL\u20108 and IL\u20101\u03b2 concentrations in sera and supernatants as well as proliferation and sensitivity were statistically greater in GUP Hp<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> than GP Hp<jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>. Furthermore, HPCA inhibited the proliferation of PBMNCs dose\u2010dependently; however, it stimulated IL\u20108 and IL\u20101\u03b2 production in supernatants of mononuclear cells. Therefore, the up\u2010regulated concentrations of IL\u20108 and IL\u20101\u03b2 may have been caused by increase in the size of mononuclear cell subpopulations or in their cytokine secretory activity, indicating the greatest cell responsiveness in GUP Hp<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> patients. These results suggest that tissue damage and ulcers occur in patients who produce more IL\u20108 and IL\u20101\u03b2 than patients who do not develop ulcers; the former consequently have more activated immune cells at the site of infection. Therefore, both host responses and Hp virulence factors may be involved in the development of gastric ulcers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,17]],"date-time":"2013-06-17T01:19:36Z","timestamp":1371431976000},"page":"455-462","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["New immunological investigations on <i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\u2010induced gastric ulcer in patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Hamid Reza","family":"Rahimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology Professor Alborzi Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran 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