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In addition, we aimed to gain insight into the mechanism involved in the immunomodulatory effect of the <jats:italic>L. rhamnosus<\/jats:italic> CRL1505 strain by evaluating the role of TLR2. Results showed that nasally given <jats:italic>L. rhamnosus<\/jats:italic> CRL1505 effectively regulates inflammation and hemostatic alterations during the pneumococcal infection. Immunobiotic treatment significantly reduced permeability of the bronchoalveolar\u2013capillary barrier, and general cytotoxicity, decreasing lung tissue damage. The CRL1505 strain improved the production of TNF\u2010\u03b1, IFN\u2010\u03b3, and IL\u201010 after pneumococcal challenge. In addition, increased TM and TF expressions were found in lungs of <jats:italic>L. rhamnosus<\/jats:italic> CRL1505\u2010treated mice. Moreover, we demonstrated, for the first time, that the TLR2 signaling pathway has a role in the induction of IFN\u2010\u03b3 and IL\u201010 and in the reduction of TF. The results also allow us to speculate that a PRR, other than TLR2, may mediate the immunobiotic activity of <jats:italic>L. rhamnosus<\/jats:italic> CRL1505 and could explain changes in TNF\u2010\u03b1 and TM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,2]],"date-time":"2014-06-02T22:36:06Z","timestamp":1401748566000},"page":"416-426","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Modulation of the inflammation\u2013coagulation interaction during pneumococcal pneumonia by immunobiotic <i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus<\/i> CRL1505: Role of Toll\u2010like receptor 2"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Hortensia","family":"Zelaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunobiotics Research Group Tucuman"},{"name":"Applied Biochemistry Institute, Faculty of Biochemistry, Chemistry and Pharmacy Tucuman 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