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Histologically, lesions of recurrent tonsillitis contain numerous plasma cells. Strep A is an antigenic carbohydrate molecule on the cell wall of <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic>. As expected, plasma cells in subjects with recurrent tonsillitis secrete antibodies against Strep A. The enzyme\u2010labeled antigen method is a novel histochemical technique that visualizes specific antibody\u2010producing cells in tissue sections by employing a biotin\u2010labeled antigen as a probe. The purpose of the present study was to visualize plasma cells producing antibodies reactive with Strep A in recurrent tonsillitis. Firstly, the lymph nodes of rats immunized with boiled <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic> were paraformaldehyde\u2010fixed and specific plasma cells localized in frozen sections with biotinylated Strep A. Secondly, an enzyme\u2010labeled antigen method was used on human tonsil surgically removed from 12 patients with recurrent tonsillitis. <jats:italic>S. pyogenes<\/jats:italic> genomes were PCR\u2010detected in all 12 specimens. The <jats:italic>emm<\/jats:italic> genotypes belonged to <jats:italic>emm12<\/jats:italic> in nine specimens and <jats:italic>emm1<\/jats:italic> in three. Plasma cells producing anti\u2010Strep A antibodies were demonstrated in prefixed frozen sections of rat lymph nodes, 8\/12 human specimens from patients with recurrent tonsillitis but not in two control tonsils. In human tonsils, Strep A\u2010reactive plasma cells were observed within the reticular squamous mucosa and just below the mucosa, and the specific antibodies belonged to either IgA or IgG classes. Our technique is effective in visualizing immunocytes producing specific antibodies against the bacterial carbohydrate antigen, and is thus a novel histochemical tool for analyzing immune reactions in infectious disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,11,17]],"date-time":"2014-11-17T17:00:48Z","timestamp":1416243648000},"page":"13-27","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Application of an enzyme\u2010labeled antigen method for visualizing plasma cells producing antibodies against Strep A, a carbohydrate antigen of <i>Streptococcus pyogenes<\/i>, in recurrent tonsillitis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Takanori","family":"Onouchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Fujita Health University School of Medicine Toyoake 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