{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:53:53Z","timestamp":1790420033925,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,14]],"date-time":"2015-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1439510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) Antigone","award":["278976"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["278976"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Cattle are reservoirs of enterohemorrhagic <jats:italic>Escherichia<\/jats:italic> coli; however, their role in the epidemiology of other pathogenic <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> remains undefined. A new set of quantitative real\u2010time PCR assays for the direct detection and quantification of nine virulence\u2010associated genes (VAGs) characteristic of the most important human <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> pathotypes and four serotype\u2010related genes (<jats:italic>wzx<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>O104<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>fli<\/jats:italic>C<jats:sub>H4<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>rbf<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>O157<\/jats:sub>, <jats:italic>fli<\/jats:italic>C<jats:sub>H7<\/jats:sub>) that can be used as a surveillance tool for detection of pathogenic strains was developed. A total of 970 cattle fecal samples were collected in slaughterhouses in Germany and Spain, pooled into 134 samples and analyzed with this tool. <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>1, <jats:italic>eae<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>inv<\/jats:italic>A were more prevalent in Spanish samples whereas <jats:italic>bfp<\/jats:italic>A, <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>2, <jats:italic>ehx<\/jats:italic>A, <jats:italic>elt<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>est<\/jats:italic> and the <jats:italic>rbf<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>O157<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:italic>fli<\/jats:italic>C<jats:sub>H7<\/jats:sub> combination were observed in similar proportions in both countries. Genes characteristic of the hybrid O104:H4 strain of the 2011 German outbreak (<jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>2\/<jats:italic>agg<\/jats:italic>R\/<jats:italic>wzx<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>O104<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:italic>fli<\/jats:italic>C<jats:sub>H4<\/jats:sub>) were simultaneously detected in six fecal pools from one German abattoir located near the outbreak epicenter. Although no isolate harboring the full <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>2\/<jats:italic>agg<\/jats:italic>R\/<jats:italic>wzx<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>O104<\/jats:sub>\/<jats:italic>fli<\/jats:italic>C<jats:sub>H4<\/jats:sub> combination was cultured, sequencing of the <jats:italic>agg<\/jats:italic>R positive PCR products revealed 100% homology to the <jats:italic>agg<\/jats:italic>R from the outbreak strain. Concomitant detection by this direct approach of VAGs from a novel human pathogenic <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> strain in cattle samples implies that the <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> gene pool in these animals can be implicated in <jats:italic>de novo<\/jats:italic> formation of such highly\u2010virulent strains. The application of this set of qPCRs in surveillance studies could be an efficient early\u2010warning tool for the emergence of zoonotic <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> in livestock.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,6,18]],"date-time":"2015-06-18T08:05:43Z","timestamp":1434614743000},"page":"433-442","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Detection of virulence\u2010associated genes characteristic of intestinal <i>Escherichia coli<\/i> pathotypes, including the enterohemorrhagic\/enteroaggregative O104:H4, in bovines from Germany and Spain"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"59","author":[{"given":"Adriana","family":"Cabal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre Complutense University 28040 Madrid"},{"name":"SaBio\u2010IREC, National Wildlife Research Institute CSIC\u2010Castilla\u2010La Mancha University 13071 Ciudad Real"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lutz","family":"Geue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich\u2010Loeffler\u2010Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis 07745 Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"G\u00f3mez\u2010Barrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre Complutense University 28040 Madrid"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefanie","family":"Barth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich\u2010Loeffler\u2010Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis 07745 Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"B\u00e1rcena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre Complutense University 28040 Madrid"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Hamm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich\u2010Loeffler\u2010Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis 07745 Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.Concepci\u00f3n","family":"Porrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre Complutense University 28040 Madrid"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ar\u00e1nzazu","family":"Valverde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"VISAVET Health Surveillance Centre Complutense University 28040 Madrid"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafael","family":"Cant\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Unit University Hospital Ram\u00f3n y Cajal and Institute Ram\u00f3n y Cajal for Health Research Madrid"},{"name":"Antimicrobial Resistance and Bacterial Virulence Unit associated with the Spanish National Research Council Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Menge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Friedrich\u2010Loeffler\u2010Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health Institute of Molecular Pathogenesis 07745 Jena Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Gort\u00e1zar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SaBio\u2010IREC, National Wildlife Research Institute CSIC\u2010Castilla\u2010La Mancha University 13071 Ciudad Real"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Dom\u00ednguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SaBio\u2010IREC, National Wildlife Research Institute CSIC\u2010Castilla\u2010La Mancha University 13071 Ciudad Real"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julio","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Unit University Hospital Ram\u00f3n y Cajal and Institute Ram\u00f3n y Cajal for Health Research Madrid"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine University of Minnesota St. Paul MN 55455 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro818"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02952-05"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","unstructured":"Robert Koch Institute.Report: Final presentation and evaluation of epidemiological findings in the EHEC O104:H4 outbreak Germany 2011. 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