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To elucidate the mechanisms of ischemia\/reperfusion injuries, a C5a inhibitory peptide termed AcPepA was used to examine the role of C5a anaphylatoxin, induction of inflammatory cells, and cell proliferation of the intestinal epithelial cells in an experimental AMI model. In this rat model, the superior mesenteric artery was occluded and subsequently reperfused (Induce\u2010I\/R). Other groups were treated with AcPepA before ischemia or reperfusion. Induce\u2010I\/R induced injuries in the intestine and AcPepA significantly decreased the proportion of severely injured villi. Induce\u2010I\/R induced secondary receptor for C5a\u2010positive polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the vessels and CD204\u2010positive macrophages near the injured site; this was correlated with hypoxia\u2010induced factor 1\u2010alpha\u2010positive cells. Induction of these inflammatory cells was attenuated by AcPepA. In addition, AcPepA increased proliferation of epithelial cells in the villi, possibly preventing further damage. Therefore, Induce\u2010I\/R activates C5a followed by the accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte and hypoxia\u2010induced factor 1\u2010alpha\u2010producing macrophages, leading to villus injury. AcPepA, a C5a inhibitory peptide, blocks the deleterious effects of C5a, indicating it has a therapeutic effect on the inflammatory consequences of experimental AMI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12338","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,18]],"date-time":"2015-11-18T10:42:43Z","timestamp":1447843363000},"page":"35-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["C5a inhibitor protects against ischemia\/reperfusion injury in rat small intestine"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Eszter","family":"Tuboly","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Surgical Research, Faculty of Medicine University of Szeged 6 Sz\u0151kefalvi\u2010Nagy B\u00e9la Street Szeged, 6720 Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitsuru","family":"Futakuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular 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