{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:44:46Z","timestamp":1792291486615,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,14]],"date-time":"2016-01-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1452729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":13,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Dental caries affects people of all ages and is a worldwide health concern. <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic> is a major cariogenic bacterium because of its ability to form biofilm and induce an acidic environment. In this study, the antibacterial activities of magnolol and honokiol, the main constituents of the bark of magnolia plants, toward planktonic cell and biofilm of <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> were examined and compared with those of chlorhexidine. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of magnolol, honokiol and chlorhexidine for <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> were 10, 10 and 0.25\u2009\u00b5g\/mL, respectively. In addition, each agent showed bactericidal activity against <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> planktonic cells and inhibited biofilm formation in a dose\u2010 and time\u2010dependent manner. Magnolol (50\u2009\u00b5g\/mL) had greater bactericidal activity against <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic> biofilm than honokiol (50\u2009\u00b5g\/mL) and chlorhexidine (500\u2009\u00b5g\/mL) at 5\u2009min after exposure, while all showed scant activity against biofilm at 30\u2009s. Furthermore; chlorhexidine (0.5\u2013500\u2009\u00b5g\/mL) exhibited high cellular toxicity for the gingival epithelial cell line Ca9\u201022 at 1\u2009hr, whereas magnolol (50\u2009\u00b5g\/mL) and honokiol (50\u2009\u00b5g\/mL) did not. Thus; it was found that magnolol has antimicrobial activities against planktonic and biofilm cells of <jats:italic>S. mutans<\/jats:italic>. Magnolol may be a candidate for prevention and management of dental caries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,24]],"date-time":"2015-11-24T08:41:23Z","timestamp":1448354483000},"page":"10-16","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Anti\u2010biofilm and bactericidal effects of magnolia bark\u2010derived magnolol and honokiol on <i>Streptococcus mutans<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Yuuki","family":"Sakaue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"},{"name":"Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Chuo\u2010ku Niigata"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hisanori","family":"Domon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Microbiology and 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