{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T00:03:52Z","timestamp":1793232232154,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,16]],"date-time":"2016-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":15,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003478","name":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003478","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Toxigenic\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacterium ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n                      is a zoonotic pathogen that produces diphtheria toxin and causes a diphtheria\u2010like illness in humans. The organism is known to infect and circulate among dogs, which can then transmit it to humans. Furthermore, previous studies have found that\n                      <jats:italic>C. ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n                      is carried by wild animals, including game animals. In the present study, we tested hunting and companion dogs for the presence of toxigenic\n                      <jats:italic>C. ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n                      and succeeded in isolating the bacterium from a hunting dog. Moreover, several hunting dogs had serum diphtheria antitoxin titers that were higher than the titers required for protection in humans, suggesting a history of exposure to toxigenic\n                      <jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains. Notably, ribotyping, pulsed\u2010field gel electrophoresis and\n                      <jats:italic>tox<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene sequencing demonstrated that the isolate from the hunting dog clustered with previously characterized\n                      <jats:italic>C. ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n                      strains isolated from wild animals, as opposed to groups of isolates from humans and companion dogs. Interestingly, the wild animal cluster also contains an isolate from an outdoor breeding dog, which could have formed a bridge between isolates from wild animals and those from companion dogs. The results presented herein provide insight into the mechanism by which the zoonotic pathogen\n                      <jats:italic>C. ulcerans<\/jats:italic>\n                      circulates among wild animals, hunting and companion dogs, and humans.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,8]],"date-time":"2016-02-08T04:09:03Z","timestamp":1454904543000},"page":"177-186","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Toxigenic\n                    <i>Corynebacterium ulcerans<\/i>\n                    isolated from a hunting dog and its diphtheria toxin antibody titer"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Katsukawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Osaka Prefectural Institute of Public Health 1\u20103\u201069 Nakamichi Higashinari\u2010ku Osaka\u2010shi, Osaka 537\u20100025"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takako","family":"Komiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology II National Institute of Infectious Diseases 4\u20107\u20101 Gakuen Musashimurayama\u2010shi Tokyo 208\u20100011"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaoru","family":"Umeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Osaka City Institute of Public Health and Environmental Sciences 8\u201034 Tojo\u2010cho Tennoji\u2010ku Osaka\u2010shi, Osaka 543\u20100026"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minami","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenetic Veterinary Sciences, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences Gifu University 1\u20101 Yanagido Gifu\u2010shi Gifu 501\u20101193 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tokuma","family":"Yanai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathogenetic Veterinary Sciences, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences Gifu University 1\u20101 Yanagido Gifu\u2010shi Gifu 501\u20101193 Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motohide","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology II National Institute of Infectious Diseases 4\u20107\u20101 Gakuen Musashimurayama\u2010shi Tokyo 208\u20100011"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology II National Institute of Infectious Diseases 4\u20107\u20101 Gakuen Musashimurayama\u2010shi Tokyo 208\u20100011"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaaki","family":"Iwaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology II National Institute of Infectious Diseases 4\u20107\u20101 Gakuen Musashimurayama\u2010shi Tokyo 208\u20100011"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","first-page":"242","article-title":"Control of diphtheria: guidance for consultants in communicable disease control","volume":"2","author":"Bonnet J.M.","year":"1999","journal-title":"Commun Dis Public Health"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.9.4377-4381.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.4.954-957.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.156.10.317"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.JJID.2008.116","article-title":"Properties of corynephage attachment site and molecular epidemiology of Corynebcterium ulcerans isolated from humans and animals in Japan","volume":"61","author":"Seto Y.","year":"2008","journal-title":"Jpn J Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2001.130675"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"489","article-title":"Caseous lymphadenitis caused by Corynebacterium ulcerans in the dromedary camel","volume":"62","author":"Tejedor M.T.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can vet J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-1676.2010.0491.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2003.130423"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","unstructured":"RauJ. 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