{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T09:04:17Z","timestamp":1766048657863},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,18]],"date-time":"2016-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":17,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003627","name":"Rural Development Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label \/><jats:p>In traditional Asian medicine, <jats:italic>Aralia cordata<\/jats:italic> (AC) is a known as a pain reliever and anti\u2010inflammatory drug. Although several of its biological activities have been reported, the immunomodulatory effects of a hot water extract of AC (HAC) have not yet been described. The aim of this study was to investigate whether HAC modulates the activation of macrophages, which play important roles in innate immune responses against microbial pathogens, and if so, to determine the molecular mechanisms by which HAC mediates this process. It was found that HAC activates bone marrow\u2010derived macrophages (BMDM) and increases amounts of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines in a dose\u2010dependent manner. In addition, HAC was found to induce phosphorylation of NF\u2010\u03baB and mitogen\u2010activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including c\u2010Jun N\u2010terminal kinases, extracellular signal\u2010regulated kinases and p38. Interestingly, these effects were absent in BMDM prepared from myeloid differentiation protein 88\u2010knockout mice. Polysaccharides from HAC exerted stronger immunostimulatory effects than HAC itself. Furthermore, orally administered HAC clearly enhanced clearance of the intracellular pathogen <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic> by boosting innate immune responses. These results demonstrate that HAC exerts immunostimulatory effects through the TLR\/MyD88 and NF\u2010\u03baB\/MAPK signal transduction pathways.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12376","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,19]],"date-time":"2016-03-19T00:50:57Z","timestamp":1458348657000},"page":"343-355","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A hot water extract of <i>Aralia cordata<\/i> activates bone marrow\u2010derived macrophages via a myeloid differentiation protein 88\u2010dependent pathway and protects mice from bacterial infection"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Dong\u2010Won","family":"Seo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biotechnology Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresources Chonbuk National University Iksan\u2010si Jeollabuk\u2010do 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