{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,25]],"date-time":"2026-01-25T12:49:55Z","timestamp":1769345395729,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,6]],"date-time":"2016-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":35,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Microbiology and Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:label\/><jats:p>Lipopolysaccharide is one of the virulence factors of the soil\u2010borne pathogens <jats:italic>Burkholderia pseudomallei<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>B. thailandensis<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>B. cenocepacia<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>B. multivorans,<\/jats:italic> which cause septic melioidosis (often in <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> infections but rarely in <jats:italic>B. thailandensis<\/jats:italic> infections) or cepacia syndromes (commonly in <jats:italic>B. cenocepacia<\/jats:italic> infections but rarely in <jats:italic>B. multivorans<\/jats:italic> infections). The inflammatory responses in <jats:italic>Burkholderia<\/jats:italic> LPS\u2010induced endotoxemia were evaluated in this study. Prior to induction, the conserved structures and functions of each purified LPS were determined using electrophoretic phenotypes, the ratios of 3\u2010hydroxytetradecanoic to 3\u2010hydroxyhexadecanoic acid and endotoxin units. In an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> assay, cytokine expression of myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 and Toll\/IL\u20101 receptor domain containing adapter\u2010inducing INF\u2010\u03b2\u2010dependent signaling\u2010dependent signaling differed when stimulated by different LPS. Endotoxemia was induced in mice by s.c. injection as evidenced by increasing serum concentrations of 3\u2010hydroxytetradecanoic acid and the septic prognostic markers CD62E and ICAM\u20101. During endotoxemia, splenic CD11b<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>I\u2010A<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, CD11b<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD80<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, CD11b<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD86<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and CD11b<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD11c<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> subpopulations increased. After induction with <jats:italic>B. pseudomallei<\/jats:italic> LPS, there were significant increases in splenic CD49b NK cells and CD14 macrophages. The inflamed CD11b<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CCR2<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, CD11b<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD31<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, CD11b<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD14<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>, resident CD11b<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CX<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>CR1<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> and progenitor CD11b<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CD34<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells showed delayed increases in bone marrow. <jats:italic>B. multivorans<\/jats:italic> LPS was the most potent inducer of serum cytokines and chemokines, whereas <jats:italic>B. cenocepacia<\/jats:italic> LPS induced relatively low concentrations of the chemokines MIP\u20101\u03b1 and MIP\u20101\u03b2. Endotoxin activities did not correlate with the virulence of <jats:italic>Burkholderia<\/jats:italic> strains. Thus factors other than LPS and\/or other mechanisms of low activity LPS must mediate the pathogenicity of highly virulent <jats:italic>Burkholderia<\/jats:italic> strains.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/1348-0421.12450","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,8]],"date-time":"2016-11-08T12:21:51Z","timestamp":1478607711000},"page":"725-739","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A comparison of the immunological potency of <i>Burkholderia<\/i> lipopolysaccharides in endotoxemic BALB\/c mice"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Pei\u2010Tan","family":"Hsueh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences National Sun Yat\u2010sen University 70 Lienhai Rd. 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